Manganese

Related Terms

Manganese ascorbate, manganese chloride, manganese cofactors, manganese gluconate, manganese metalloproteins, manganese sulfate, manganese-containing polypeptides, Mn.

Background

Manganese is an essential trace nutrient. The human body contains about 10 milligrams of manganese, which is stored mainly in the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and bones.In the human brain, manganese is bound to manganese metalloproteins. Manganese activates enzymes responsible for the use of several key nutrients, including B vitamins (biotin, thiamin), vitamin C, and choline. It aids in the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, facilitates protein and carbohydrate metabolism, and may also participate in the production of sex hormones and maintaining reproductive health.
Manganese has been examined as a treatment for a variety of conditions, including osteoarthritis and wound healing. However, manganese is often used in combination with other vitamins and/or minerals. Therefore, the effects of manganese alone are difficult to determine.
Chronic exposure to excessive manganese levels can lead to a variety of psychiatric and motor disturbances, termed manganism.

Evidence Table

These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *


The combination of manganese-cobalt oligosol may have an effect on muscle relaxation. Additional studies are needed in this area.

 C


The combination of manganese-cobalt oligosol may have an effect on muscle relaxation. Additional studies are needed in this area.

 C


Selenium, manganese, and zinc plasma levels may aid mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additional studies are needed.

 C


Selenium, manganese, and zinc plasma levels may aid mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additional studies are needed.

 C


The effects of toothpaste containing manganese chloride on dental cavities has been studied. However, results are unclear and additional studies are needed.

 C


The effects of toothpaste containing manganese chloride on dental cavities has been studied. However, results are unclear and additional studies are needed.

 C


The effects on growth of manganese in combination with other vitamins or minerals have been examined. The role of manganese alone cannot be determined. Additional studies are needed.

 C


The effects on growth of manganese in combination with other vitamins or minerals have been examined. The role of manganese alone cannot be determined. Additional studies are needed.

 C


N-acetyl cysteine, vitamins A-E, biotin, selenium, zinc, manganese, copper, magnesium, folic acid, and coenzyme Q in combination showed a lack of effect on alcoholic hepatitis. Additional studies are needed in this area.

 C


N-acetyl cysteine, vitamins A-E, biotin, selenium, zinc, manganese, copper, magnesium, folic acid, and coenzyme Q in combination showed a lack of effect on alcoholic hepatitis. Additional studies are needed in this area.

 C


Manganese ascorbate in combination with sodium chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine has demonstrated benefit in patients with osteoarthritis. However, the role of manganese alone cannot be determined from these studies. Additional studies are needed.

 C


Manganese ascorbate in combination with sodium chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine has demonstrated benefit in patients with osteoarthritis. However, the role of manganese alone cannot be determined from these studies. Additional studies are needed.

 C


Supplemental calcium and trace minerals (copper, manganese, and zinc) increased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. However, the effects of manganese alone cannot be determined. More research is needed in this area.

 C


Supplemental calcium and trace minerals (copper, manganese, and zinc) increased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. However, the effects of manganese alone cannot be determined. More research is needed in this area.

 C


A combination of calcium and manganese may alleviate symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome. However, the effects of manganese alone cannot be determined. Further research is needed.

 C


A combination of calcium and manganese may alleviate symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome. However, the effects of manganese alone cannot be determined. Further research is needed.

 C


A combination of 7-oxo-DHEA, l-tyrosine, asparagus root extract, choline bitartrate, inositol, copper gluconate, manganese, and potassium iodide has been examined for its effects on weight loss. Additional research is needed in this area.

 C


A combination of 7-oxo-DHEA, l-tyrosine, asparagus root extract, choline bitartrate, inositol, copper gluconate, manganese, and potassium iodide has been examined for its effects on weight loss. Additional research is needed in this area.

 C


Manganese in combination with calcium and zinc may be beneficial in patients with chronic wounds. Additional research is needed in this area.

 C


Manganese in combination with calcium and zinc may be beneficial in patients with chronic wounds. Additional research is needed in this area.

 C
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)

Tradition / Theory

The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.

Dosing

Adults (18 years and older)
There is no proven effective dose for manganese for any condition in adults.
The adequate intake (AI) levels for manganese are as follows: for men 19-70 years old: 2.3 milligrams; for men more than 70 years old: 2.3 milligrams; for women 19-70 years old: 1.8 milligrams; for women more than 70 years old: 1.8 milligrams; for pregnant women 14-50 years old: two milligrams; and for lactating women 14-50 years old: two milligrams.
The requirements of manganese for adults from total parenteral nutrition are estimated to be 0.15-0.80 milligrams daily.

Safety

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.

Interactions

Interactions with Drugs
Manganese may cause low blood pressure. Caution is advised in patients taking drugs that lower blood pressure.
Manganese may also interact with antacids, anticancer agents, antidiabetic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antimicrobials, antipsychotics, cardiovascular agents, drugs that affect the immune system, drugs that lower cholesterol levels, drugs used for Parkinson's disease, drugs used for the liver, fertility agents, fluvastatin, haloperidol, hemological agents, hormonal agents, oral contraceptives, prednisone, ramipril, respiratory agents, sodium iron EDTA, stimulants, and wound-healing agents.

Attribution

This information is based on a systematic review of scientific literature edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).

Bibliography

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