1,3,7-trimethyl-2, 6-dioxopurine

Caffeine/Nutrient Depletion:

  • B vitaminsB vitamins: According to secondary information, caffeine consumption may result in a loss of B vitamins, including thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), and pyridoxine (B6).
  • CalciumCalcium: In humans and according to a review, caffeine may increase urinary excretion of calcium, which may be due to adenosine antagonism (307) and/or a reduction in renal reabsorption of calcium (308). However, the research is inconsistent (749). According to a review, the negative effects may be negligible in individuals who consume the recommended daily allowance of calcium (750).
  • GlucoseGlucose: According to human and animal research and clinical review, caffeine consumption may alter glucose levels (272; 806; 273; 274; 275; 807; 391; 808).
  • IronIron: According to secondary sources, caffeine may inhibit iron absorption.
  • MagnesiumMagnesium: In humans, caffeine decreased magnesium excretion, which may be due to a reduction in renal reabsorption of magnesium (309; 308; 310).
  • PotassiumPotassium: According to a review and in humans, caffeine, particularly in excessive amounts, may cause reduced potassium levels following exercise, due to stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump (311; 312; 313; 314; 315).
  • TyrosineTyrosine: In animals, acute administration of caffeine reduced blood levels of tyrosine (809).
  • Vitamin CVitamin C: According to secondary information, caffeine consumption may result in a loss of vitamin C.
  • ZincZinc: According to secondary information, caffeine consumption may result in a loss of zinc.