Acide hydroxycitrique

Related Terms

Bio-Max 3000, brindal berry, brindleberry, Citrilite?, CitriMax?, gambooge, Garcinia, Garcinia atroviridis, Garcinia cambogia, Garcinia indica, Garcinia-Max Diet System, Garcinia Trim-Plus?, gorikapuli, Hibiscus sabdariffa, (-)-hydroxycitrate (HCA), Malabar tamarind, PhytriMax?, Super Garcinia?, Super Prolean? mega fat burner, SuperCitrimax?.
Combination products: Avesil? (Super Citrimax, chromium, and green tea extract), Awe Slim? (aloe vera juice, hydrolyzed collagen, apple cider vinegar, conjugated linoleic acid, Garcinia cambogia extract, L-carnitine, L-arginine, L-lysine, and L-ornithine), Citri Chrome? (Garcinia cambogia and chromium picolinate), Citrin? (maltodextrin, Garcinia cambogia extract, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, magnesium stearate, chromium picolinate), Garcinia 1000? (chromium, picolinate, Garcinia berry extract, HCA), HCA with calcium/potassium salt (HCA-SX), Herbalife?'s "Snack Defense" tablets (Gymnema sylvestre, chromium polynicotinate, Garcinia cambogia), Hydroxycut? (Garcinia cambogia, chromium polynicotinate, and Gymnema sylvestre), Lite BitesT (sugar, chromium picolinate, Garcinia cambogia), Metabolife? Ephedra-Free (green tea extract, Super Citrimax?, Garcinia cambogia extract, guarana extract, yerba mate extract).
Note: Hydroxycut? was withdrawn from the U.S. market on May 1, 2009 for causing liver injury.

Background

(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a main component of the dried fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia, a native Southeast Asian plant commonly known as brindleberry or Malabar tamarind. HCA is present in high concentrations in Garcinia cambogia and is also found in the tropical plant Hibiscus sabdariffa. The dried rind of Garcinia cambogia has been used widely as a food preservative, a flavoring agent, and a carminative (prevents or relieves gas in the stomach and intestines). In Indian folk medicine, Garcinia cambogia is used to treat rheumatism (pain in the bones, muscles, joints, and tendons) and bowel complaints.
HCA is currently used in a number of over-the-counter weight loss products. HCA may also enhance exercise performance, but different studies have produced conflicting results. More high-quality clinical trials are needed.

Evidence Table

These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *


The effect of HCA on weight loss has been investigated. In some studies individuals lost weight after HCA treatment, and in others, did not. More high quality research is needed.

 B


The effect of HCA on weight loss has been investigated. In some studies individuals lost weight after HCA treatment, and in others, did not. More high quality research is needed.

 B


In some clinical studies, HCA caused a detectable increase in fat metabolism, which may increase exercise performance; however, other studies have not found such an increase. Additional study is required before firm conclusions can be made.

 C


In some clinical studies, HCA caused a detectable increase in fat metabolism, which may increase exercise performance; however, other studies have not found such an increase. Additional study is required before firm conclusions can be made.

 C
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)

Tradition / Theory

The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.

Dosing

Adults (18 years and older)
For exercise performance, 250 milligrams has been taken by mouth daily for five days.
For weight loss, the following doses have been taken by mouth: 500 milligrams, three times daily for seven days; 4,667 milligrams, three times daily, five days weekly for 12 weeks; and 300 milligrams, three times daily for two weeks.

Safety

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.

Interactions

Interactions with Drugs
HCA may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with drugs that increase the risk of bleeding. Some examples include aspirin, anticoagulants ("blood thinners") such as warfarin (Coumadin?) or heparin, anti-platelet drugs such as clopidogrel (Plavix?), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen (Motrin?, Advil?) or naproxen (Naprosyn?, Aleve?).
HCA may lower blood sugar levels. Caution is advised when using medications that may also lower blood sugar. Patients taking drugs for diabetes by mouth or insulin should be monitored closely by a qualified healthcare professional, including a pharmacist. Medication adjustments may be necessary.
HCA may also interact with agents that cause dilation of the bronchial tubes, antiarrhythmic agents, antibiotics, anticancer drugs, antifungals, anti-inflammatory drugs, cholesterol-lowering agents, exercise performance enhancers, and weight loss drugs.

Attribution

This information is based on a systematic review of scientific literature edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).

Bibliography

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Lim K, Ryu S, Ohishi Y, et al. Short-term (-)-hydroxycitrate ingestion increases fat oxidation during exercise in athletes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2002;48(2):128-133.
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Peal A, D'Altilio M, Simms C, et al. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of undenatured type-II collagen (UC-II) alone or in combination with (-)-hydroxycitric acid and chromemate in arthritic dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007;30(3):275-8.
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