Garcinia mangostana

Related Terms

Alpha-Mangostin, ambisiasin, anthocyanic glycosides, benzophenone, Best-Mangosteen?, beta-mangostin, buah manggis (Malay), cay mang cut (Vietnamese), Clusiaceae, dao nian zi (Chinese), dulxanthone D, gamma-mangostin, garcinia (Italian), Garcinia mangostana Gaertn., Garcinia mangostana L., Garcinia mangostana Linn., garciniafuran, garcinone E, Guttiferae (family), king's fruit, maclurin, mang cut (Vietnamese), mang ko seu t'in (Korean), manggis (Dutch, Javanese, Malay, Tagalog), manggistan (Dutch, Malay), manggusta (Malay), mangkhut (Thai), mangkut (Thai), mangoosutin (Japanese), mangosta (Portuguese), mangostan (English, French), mangost?n (Spanish), mangostana (Italian), Mangostanbaum (German), Mangostane (German), mangostanier (French), mangostannin, mangostano (Italian), mangost?o (Portuguese), mangostenone C, mangostier (French), mangostin (German), mangosuchin (Japanese), mangosutin (Japanese), mangoustan (French), mangoustanier (French), mangoutse (French), mangoxanthone, manguita, mangushtanpazam, mangusta (Portuguese), mangustan (Russian), men-gu (Burmese), mesetor (Malay), pannerale, polysaccharides, prenylated xanthone, purple mangosteen, queen of fruits, sementah (Malay), semetah (Malay), shan zhu (Taiwanese), sugars, tannins, tavir, terpenoids, Thai-Go?, xango, XanGo?, xango juice, XanoMax?, xanthones.

Background

Mangosteen is a tropical tree native to Asia. In southeast Asian traditional medicine, such as Thai indigenous medicine, the fruit hulls (pericarp) or rinds of mangosteen are used for many different conditions, including skin infections, wounds, and diarrhea. Other plant parts, such as the leaves, bark, and fruit pulp, are also used in traditional medicine.
Mangosteen contains many active phytochemicals. One set of compounds, the prenylated xanthones, has been well-researched; there are several laboratory studies showing antibacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects, and studies in animals showing anti-inflammatory effects. However, currently there are no high-quality human trials supporting the effectiveness of mangosteen for any indication.

Evidence Table

These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)

Tradition / Theory

The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.

Dosing

Adults (18 years and older):
There is no proven safe or effective dose for mangosteen.

Safety

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.

Interactions

Interactions with Drugs
Based on laboratory studies, mangosteen may increase the risk of bleeding. Some examples include aspirin, anticoagulants ("blood thinners") such as warfarin (Coumadin?) or heparin, anti-platelet drugs such as clopidogrel (Plavix?), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen (Motrin?, Advil?) or naproxen (Naprosyn?, Aleve?).
Based on laboratory studies, mangosteen may have an anti-histamine effect. Caution is advised in patients taking anti-histamine medication.
Due to anti-oxidant effects, mangosteen may interact with chemotherapeutic agents (i.e., anthracyclines, platinum compounds, and alkylating agents) whose mechanism of action involves oxidation.
Based on laboratory study, mangosteen may inhibit phosphodiesterase. Caution is advised in patients taking phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Consult with a qualified healthcare professional, including a pharmacist, before combining therapies.
Mangosteen may block serotonin receptors. Caution is advised in patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant agents. Dosing adjustments may be necessary.

Attribution

This information is based on a systematic review of scientific literature edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).

Bibliography

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Ho CK, Huang YL, Chen CC. Garcinone E, a xanthone derivative, has potent cytotoxic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Planta Med 2002;68(11):975-979.
Jung HA, Su BN, Keller WJ, et al. Antioxidant xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen). J Agric.Food Chem 3-22-2006;54(6):2077-2082.
Matsumoto K, Akao Y, Kobayashi E, et al. Induction of apoptosis by xanthones from mangosteen in human leukemia cell lines. J Nat Prod 2003;66(8):1124-1127.
Matsumoto K, Akao Y, Yi H, et al. Preferential target is mitochondria in alpha-mangostin-induced apoptosis in human leukemia HL60 cells. Bioorg.Med Chem 11-15-2004;12(22):5799-5806.
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Nakatani K, Atsumi M, Arakawa T, et al. Inhibitions of histamine release and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by mangosteen, a Thai medicinal plant. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002;25(9):1137-1141.
Nakatani K, Yamakuni T, Kondo N, et al. gamma-Mangostin inhibits inhibitor-kappaB kinase activity and decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in C6 rat glioma cells. Mol.Pharmacol. 2004;66(3):667-674.
Nguyen LH, Venkatraman G, Sim KY, et al. Xanthones and benzophenones from Garcinia griffithii and Garcinia mangostana. Phytochemistry 2005;66(14):1718-1723.
Sakagami Y, Iinuma M, Piyasena KG, et al. Antibacterial activity of alpha-mangostin against vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) and synergism with antibiotics. Phytomedicine. 2005;12(3):203-208.
Sato A, Fujiwara H, Oku H, et al. Alpha-mangostin induces Ca2+-ATPase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in PC12 cells. J Pharmacol.Sci 2004;95(1):33-40.
Suksamrarn S, Komutiban O, Ratananukul P, et al. Cytotoxic prenylated xanthones from the young fruit of Garcinia mangostana. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006;54(3):301-305.
Suksamrarn S, Suwannapoch N, Phakhodee W, et al. Antimycobacterial activity of prenylated xanthones from the fruits of Garcinia mangostana. Chem.Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 2003;51(7):857-859.
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