Krebiozen

Related Terms

1-methyl-2-amino-imidazol-4-one, 1-methylglycocyamidine, 1-methylhydantoin, 1-methylhydantoin-2-imide, 2-imino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl, 2-imino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, 2-imino-1-methyl-4-imidazolidinone, 2-imino-1-methylimidazolidin-4-one, 4H-imidazol-4-one,2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl, 45514-66-7, 60-27-5, 82016-55-5, AI3-15321, AIDS166904, C00791, CHEMBANK986, creatine monohydrate, creatinine, creatinine (VAN) (8CI), EINECS 200-466-7, heated creatinine, mineral oil, NISTC60275, NSC-8752 injections, NSC13123, substance X, ZINC00895382, ZINC00967189.

Background

It is claimed that krebiozen, originally called substance X, came from horses inoculated with Actinomyces bovis by Dr. Stevan Durovic. Durovic claimed that krebiozen had been useful in the treatment of spontaneous cancer, mainly in cats and dogs. It is unclear what kreboizin really contained; in some cases it was found to be creatine monohydrate and in other cases it contained mineral oil and l-methylhydantoin, a product of heating creatine monohydrate.
Several studies have failed to show beneficial results from kreboizen. Reports published by the Krebiozen Foundation found improvement in cancer patients, but these results were disproven by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Andrew Ivy (University of Illinois), Dr. Stevan Durovic, and Marko Durovic were brought to trial for violations of FDA regulations. There is currently no scientific proof that krebiozen is a viable treatment option for high blood pressure, cancer remission or any other condition.

Evidence Table

These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)

Tradition / Theory

The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.

Dosing

Adults (over 18 years old)
There is no proven safe or effective dose for kreboizen in adults.

Safety

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.

Interactions

Interactions with Drugs
Insufficient available evidence.

Attribution

This information is based on a systematic review of scientific literature edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).

Bibliography

Anon. STATUS report on "krebiozen". J Am Med Assoc 1951;147(9):864-873.
Anon. Unproven methods of cancer management. Krebiozen and carcalon. CA Cancer J Clin 1973;23(2):111-115.
Beck M. [Remedies and quackeries]. Acta Pharm Hung 1999;69(1):5-8.
Holland JF. The krebiozen story. Is cancer quackery dead? JAMA 1967;200(3):213-218.
Jallut O, Guex P, Barrelet L. [Unproven methods in oncology]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1984;114(36):1214-1220.
Janssen WF. Cancer quackery--the past in the present. Semin Oncol 1979;6(4):526-536.
Langer E. The Krebiozen case: what happened in Chicago. Science 1966;151(714):1061-1064.
Stolinsky DC, Bateman JR. Recurrent masses at sites of prior Krebiozen (NSC-8752) injections. Cancer Chemother Rep 1974;58(2):249-250.