Ash

Ash/Drug Interactions:

  • AllopurinolAllopurinol: Based on animal and human study, treatment with a combination product containing ash (Rebixiao granule, RBXG) may reduce blood uric acid concentrations (4) and is not recommended for patients taking allopurinol or other hypoxanthine oxidase inhibitors.
  • AnalgesicsAnalgesics: According to a review, the hydroxycoumarin components present in ash may inhibit the arachidonic acid cascade (3). Because arachidonic acid serves a precursor in the synthesis of prostaglandins, concurrent use of ash with other analgesics acting on the prostaglandins may heighten the effect of this class of analgesics.
  • AntibioticsAntibiotics: According to a review, the hydroxycoumarin components present in ash may inhibit activation of T-cells (3) and are not recommended for patients undergoing antibiotic therapy.
  • AnticoagulantsAnticoagulants: Not recommended for patients taking anticoagulant drugs, as chemical studies described in a review indicate the presence of hydroxycoumarins (2). According to a review, coumarin components present in ash may inhibit both T-cell activation and the arachidonic acid cascade (3).
  • Anti-inflammatoriesAnti-inflammatories: According to a review, coumarin components present in ash may inhibit the arachidonic acid cascade (3). Because arachidonic acid serves a precursor in the synthesis of prostaglandins, concurrent use of ash with other anti-inflammatories acting on the prostaglandins may heighten the effect of this class of anti-inflammatory drugs.
  • AntioxidantsAntioxidants: According to a review, biological studies have demonstrated that ash bark, leaves, and flowers may possess significant antioxidant activities that may result from the presence of hydroxycoumarins, secoiridoid glucosides, phenylethanoids, and flavonoids (2). Use of ash in conjunction with drugs that may be affected by the activities of antioxidants is not recommended.
  • AntiviralsAntivirals: According to a review, biological studies have indicated that ash bark, leaves, and flowers (Fraxinus ornus) may possess significant antiviral activity thought to be due to the presence of hydroxycoumarins, secoiridoid glucosides, phenylethanoids, and flavonoids (2). Use of ash or products containing ash may heighten the effect of other antiviral drugs.
  • ImmunomodulatorsImmunomodulators: According to a review, the hydroxycoumarin components present in ash have been noted for their potential to suppress T-cell activation (3). Use of ash and products containing ash is not recommended in combination with other immunomodulatory drugs.

    • Ash/Herb/Supplement Interactions:

  • AnalgesicsAnalgesics: According to a review, the hydroxycoumarin components present in ash may inhibit the arachidonic acid cascade (3). Because arachidonic acid serves a precursor in the synthesis of prostaglandins, concurrent use of ash with other herbs exhibiting analgesic effects by acting on the prostaglandin or related pathways may heighten their effect.
  • AntibacterialsAntibacterials: Though products containing ash have been noted for their general antimicrobial effect according to a review (2), the hydroxycoumarin components present in ash may inhibit activation of T-cells (3).
  • AnticoagulantsAnticoagulants: According to a review, ash contains a variety of hydroxycoumarins (3), which may heighten the effects of other herbs that exhibit anticoagulant activities.
  • Anti-inflammatoriesAnti-inflammatories: According to a review, coumarin components present in ash may inhibit the arachidonic acid cascade (3). Because arachidonic acid serves as a precursor in the synthesis of prostaglandins, concurrent use of ash with other herbs exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties via the prostaglandin pathway or related pathways may heighten the effect of anti-inflammatory herbs.
  • AntioxidantsAntioxidants: According to a review, biological studies have demonstrated that ash bark, leaves, and flowers may possess significant antioxidant activities that may result from the presence of hydroxycoumarins, secoiridoid glucosides, phenylethanoids, and flavonoids (2). Use of ash in conjunction with those other herbs exhibiting antioxidant activity may heighten their effect.
  • AntiviralsAntivirals: According to a review, biological studies have indicated that ash bark, leaves, and flowers (Fraxinus ornus) may possess significant antiviral activity thought to be due to the presence of hydroxycoumarins, secoiridoid glucosides, phenylethanoids, and flavonoids (2). Use of ash or products containing ash may heighten the effect of other antiviral herbs.
  • ImmunomodulatorsImmunomodulators: According to a review, biological studies have revealed that ash bark, leaves, and flowers (Fraxinus ornus) may possess significant immunomodulatory activities, thought to be a result of the presence of hydroxycoumarins, secoiridoid glucosides, phenylethanoids, and flavonoids (2). The immunomodulatory effects of ash may be specifically related to the presence of coumarins, which may inhibit both T-cell activation and the arachidonic acid cascade, according to a review (3). Use of ash in conjunction with other herbs known to possess immunomodulatory properties may heighten this effect.

    • Ash/Food Interactions:

  • Insufficient available evidence.

    • Ash/Lab Interactions:

  • Blood uric acidBlood uric acid: In a controlled trial conducted by Ji et al., it was demonstrated that treatment with Rebixiao granule (RBXG) resulted in a significant (p<0.05) reduction of blood uric acid concentrations relative to a control group receiving diclofenac sodium. In an animal model, blood uric acid concentrations in hyperuricemic mice were lowered following treatment with RBXG, as well as ash bark (4).
  • Coagulation panelCoagulation panel: Ash may possess anticoagulant properties due to the presence of hydroxycoumarins (3). The coumarin components of Fraxinus excelsior may inhibit both T-cell activation and the arachidonic acid cascade (3).