Bayberry
Bayberry/Drug Interactions:
AnalgesicsAnalgesics: Myricetin, a major compound in Myrica rubra, has been reported as exhibiting analgesic, effects in vivo (2). Myrica salicifolia (Myricaceae) root extract demonstrated analgesic activity in mice (21). Antianxiety drugsAntianxiety drugs: Animal study has shown that the ethanol extract of Myrica nagi may have anxiolytic properties (28).AntibioticsAntibiotics: Red bayberry (Myrica rubra) extract has been shown to inhibit the growth and virulence gene expression of Vibrio choleraein vitro (20). The dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Myrica serrata have also been shown to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli in vitro (18).Though the precise mechanisms of action remain to be fully elucidated, the bacteriostatic activity of C-methylated dihydrochalcones, constituents of Myrica, has also been demonstrated (19). AnticoagulantsAnticoagulants: In vivo experimentation has shown that myricetin, a major compound in Myrica rubra, may exhibit anticoagulant activity (2). A chromogenic bioassay of Myrica cerifera also demonstrated a high level (>80%) of antithrombin activity (24). AntifungalsAntifungals: The essential oils of the fruit of Myrica gale have been shown to exhibit antifungal activity against the foodborne fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides, but not Aspergillus flavus or Penicillium expansum (16). The oil distilled from the leaves of Myrica gale have also been shown to have antifungal properties (17). The dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Myrica serrata has also been shown to inhibit the growth of Cladosporium cucumerinum (18). Though the precise mechanisms of action remain to be fully elucidated, the fungistatic activity of C-methylated dihydrochalcones, constituents of Myrica, has also been demonstrated (19). AntihypertensivesAntihypertensives: In vitro evidence suggests bayberry may lower blood pressure and triterpenoid myriceric acid A, a constituent of Myrica cerifera, has been shown to act as an endothelin receptor antagonist in vitro (13; 14; 15). Caution is warranted in patients using antihypertensive agents. Antilipemic agentsAntilipemic agents: In combined in vivo and in vitro study, the methanol extract of Myrica bark has been shown to inhibit the activity of lipase in isolated mouse plasma in vitro, as well as depress the elevation of blood triglyceride level in olive oil-fed mice (25). Antimalarial agentsAntimalarial agents: Methanol extract of Myrica salicifolia has been shown to have mild anti-plasmodial activity on chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (NF54 and ENT30) in vitro (26). Antiviral agentsAntiviral agents: Myrica rubra leaf ethanol extract has been shown to exhibit anti-influenza virus activity, irrespective of the hemagglutinin antigen type, in the influenza virus type A (H1N1), its subtype (H3N2), and virus type B, cultured in Madino-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (36). Prodelphinidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate (PB233'OG), a constituent of Myrica rubra, is a proanthocyanidin gallate that has been reported to exhibit antiviral activity (8). PB233'OG isolated from the bark of Myrica rubra was shown to exhibit non-cytotoxic, anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) activity in vitro (27). BronchodilatorsBronchodilators: The stem bark of Myrica sapida has been found to exhibit bronchodilative and anti-anaphylactic effects in combined in vitro and in vivo experimentation (22; 23). Cardiovascular agents:Cardiovascular agents: Claims from secondary sources suggest that bayberry alters the body's processing of sodium and potassium. Additionally, in vitro evidence suggests bayberry may lower blood pressure and triterpenoid myriceric acid A, a constituent of Myrica cerifera, has been shown to act as an endothelin receptor antagonist in vitro (13; 14; 15). Caution is warranted in patients using antihypertensive agents. Hormonal agentsHormonal agents: The aqueous ethanol extract of the bark of Myrica rubra has shown 5-alpha-reductase inhibitory activity in vitro and anti-androgenic activity in vivo in animal study (30). Bayberry/Herb/Supplement Interactions:
AnalgesicsAnalgesics: Myricetin, a major compound in Myrica rubra, has been reported as exhibiting analgesic effects in in vivo experimentation (2). Myrica salicifolia (Myricaceae) root extract demonstrated analgesic activity in mice (21). AntibacterialsAntibacterials: Red bayberry (Myrica Rubra) extract has been shown to inhibit the growth and virulence gene expression of Vibrio choleraein vitro (20). The dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Myrica serrata have also been shown to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli in vitro (18). Though the precise mechanisms of action remain to be fully elucidated, the bacteriostatic activity of C-methylated dihydrochalcones, constituents of Myrica, has also been demonstrated (19). Anticoagulants and antiplateletsAnticoagulants and antiplatelets: In vivo experimentation has shown that myricetin, a major compound in Myrica rubra, may exhibit anticoagulant activity (2). A chromogenic bioassay of Myrica cerifera also demonstrated a high level (>80%) of antithrombin activity (24). AntifungalsAntifungals: The essential oils of the fruit of Myrica gale have been shown to exhibit antifungal activity against the foodborne fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides, but not Aspergillus flavus or Penicillium expansum (16). The oil distilled from the leaves of Myrica gale have also been shown to have antifungal properties (17). The dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Myrica serrata has also been shown to inhibit the growth of Cladosporium cucumerinum (18). Though the precise mechanisms of action remain to be fully elucidated, the fungistatic activity of C-methylated dihydrochalcones, constituents of Myrica, has also been demonstrated (19). AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In combined in vivo and in vitro study, the methanol extract of Myrica bark has been shown to inhibit the activity of lipase in isolated mouse plasma in vitro, as well as depress the elevation of blood triglyceride level in olive oil-fed mice (25). Antimalarial herbs and supplementsAntimalarial herbs and supplements: Methanol extract of Myrica salicifolia has been shown to have mild anti-plasmodial activity on chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (NF54 and ENT30) in vitro (26). AntiviralsAntivirals: Myrica rubra leaf ethanol extract has been shown to exhibit anti-influenza virus activity, irrespective of the hemagglutinin antigen type, in the influenza virus type A (H1N1), its subtype (H3N2), and virus type B, cultured in Madino-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (36). Prodelphinidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate (PB233'OG), a constituent of Myrica rubra, is a proanthocyanidin gallate that has been reported to exhibit antiviral activity (8). PB233'OG isolated from the bark of Myrica rubra was shown to exhibit non-cytotoxic, anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) activity in vitro (27). AnxiolyticsAnxiolytics: Animal study has shown that the ethanol extract of Myrica nagi may have anxiolytic properties (28).BronchodilatorsBronchodilators: The stem bark of Myrica sapida has been found to exhibit bronchodilative and anti-anaphylactic effects in combined in vitro and in vivo experimentation (22; 23). Cardiovascular herbs and supplementsCardiovascular herbs and supplements: Claims from secondary sources suggest that bayberry alters the body's processing of sodium and potassium. Additionally, in vitro evidence suggests bayberry may lower blood pressure and triterpenoid myriceric acid A, a constituent of Myrica cerifera, has been shown to act as an endothelin receptor antagonist in vitro (13; 14; 15). Caution is warranted in patients using antihypertensive agents. Hormonal herbs and supplementsHormonal herbs and supplements: The aqueous ethanol extract of the bark of Myrica rubra has shown 5-alpha-reductase inhibitory activity in vitro and anti-androgenic activity in vivo in animal study (30). HypotensivesHypotensives: In vitro evidence suggests bayberry may lower blood pressure and triterpenoid myriceric acid A, a constituent of Myrica cerifera, has been shown to act as an endothelin receptor antagonist in vitro (13; 14; 15). Caution is warranted in patients using antihypertensive agents. Bayberry/Food Interactions:
Insufficient available evidence.Bayberry/Lab Interactions:
Blood pressureBlood pressure: In vitro evidence suggests bayberry may lower blood pressure and triterpenoid myriceric acid A, a constituent of Myrica cerifera, has been shown to act as an endothelin receptor antagonist in vitro (13; 14; 15). Coagulation panelCoagulation panel: In vivo experimentation has shown that myricetin, a major compound in Myrica rubra, may exhibit anticoagulant activity (2). A chromogenic bioassay of Myrica cerifera also demonstrated a high level (>80%) of antithrombin activity (24). HormonepanelHormonepanel: The aqueous ethanol extract of the bark of Myrica rubra has shown 5-alpha-reductase inhibitory activity in vitro and anti-androgenic activity in vivo in animal study (30). Lipid profileLipid profile: In combined in vivo and in vitro study, the methanol extract of Myrica bark has been shown to inhibit the activity of lipase in isolated mouse plasma in vitro, as well as depress the elevation of blood triglyceride level in olive oil-fed mice (25).