CDP-choline

Citicoline/Drug Interactions:

  • Alzheimer's agentsAlzheimer's agents: In humans, citicoline may be beneficial in patients with Alzheimer's disease, as indicated by improvement in cognitive performance and increased cerebral blood flow (55). In humans, citicoline may exert positive effects in patients with dementia, as evidenced by increases in changes in local cerebral blood flow (89). However, other clinical trials failed to demonstrate improvements. In animals, citicoline may act as a memory-enhancing agent by decreasing memory deficits and by facilitating learning (90; 91; 92).
  • AnalgesicsAnalgesics: In animals, intracerebroventricular administration of citicoline produced a significant antinociceptive effect in pain tests (93; 94).
  • Anti-aging agentsAnti-aging agents: In humans, administration of citicoline to elderly subjects resulted in increased brain phosphodiesters, including glycerophosphocholine (95). According to secondary sources, phosphatidylcholine in brain cells decreases with age.
  • AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In humans, citicoline increased levels of blood lipids (81). Further details are unavailable at this time.
  • AntiparkinsoniansAntiparkinsonians: A limited amount of evidence shows mixed results of citicoline in patients with Parkinson's disease when combined with a usual levodopa treatment regimen (70; 86; 71).
  • BronchodilatorsBronchodilators: In animals, citicoline administration was observed to exert beneficial effects on respiratory frequency, dynamic lung compliance, and expiratory lung resistance in premature rabbit neonates (96).
  • DopaminergicsDopaminergics: In vitro, citicoline has been shown to reduce the toxic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and to increase reduced levels of glutathione (GSH) (52). Furthermore, administration of citicoline significantly reduced the number of apomorphine-induced contralateral rotations in rats treated with 6-OHDA and attenuated substantia nigra dopaminergic cell dropout and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral striatum upon intrastriatal administration of 6-OHDA. A limited amount of evidence shows mixed results from citicoline in patients with Parkinson's disease when combined with a usual levodopa treatment regimen (70; 86; 71).
  • Growth hormoneGrowth hormone: In humans, citicoline administration has been shown to delay activation of growth hormone secretion in patients with diseases of the frontal lobe, while no effects were observed in patients with pituitary adenomas or hypothalamic lesions (50). However, in healthy volunteers, an intravenous infusion of citicoline resulted in an increase in serum growth hormone levels (51).
  • Neurologic agentsNeurologic agents: In humans, citicoline decreased ischemic lesion volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke (73). Similar effects were observed in animal models of ischemic stroke (97; 98; 99; 100).

    • Citicoline/Herb/Supplement Interactions:

  • Alzheimer's agentsAlzheimer's agents: In humans, citicoline may be beneficial in patients with Alzheimer's disease, as indicated by improvement in cognitive performance and increased cerebral blood flow (55). In humans, citicoline may exert positive effects in patients with dementia, as evidenced by increases in changes in local cerebral blood flow (89). However, other clinical trials failed to demonstrate improvements. In animals, citicoline may act as a memory-enhancing agent by decreasing memory deficits and by facilitating learning (90; 91; 92).
  • AnalgesicsAnalgesics: In animals, intracerebroventricular administration of citicoline produced a significant antinociceptive effect in pain tests (93; 94).
  • Anti-aging agentsAnti-aging agents: In humans, administration of citicoline to elderly subjects resulted in increased brain phosphodiesters, including glycerophosphocholine (95). According to secondary sources, phosphatidylcholine in brain cells decreases with age.
  • AntiasthmaticsAntiasthmatics: In animals, citicoline administration was observed to exert beneficial effects on respiratory frequency, dynamic lung compliance, and expiratory lung resistance in premature rabbit neonates (96).
  • AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In humans, citicoline increased levels of blood lipids (81). Further details are unavailable at this time.
  • AntiparkinsoniansAntiparkinsonians: A limited amount of evidence shows mixed results of citicoline in patients with Parkinson's disease when combined with a usual levodopa treatment regimen (70; 86; 71).
  • DopaminergicsDopaminergics: In vitro, citicoline has been shown to reduce the toxic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and to increase reduced levels of glutathione (GSH) (52). Furthermore, administration of citicoline significantly reduced the number of apomorphine-induced contralateral rotations in rats treated with 6-OHDA and attenuated substantia nigra dopaminergic cell dropout and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral striatum upon intrastriatal administration of 6-OHDA. A limited amount of evidence shows mixed results of citicoline in patients with Parkinson's disease when combined with a usual levodopa treatment regimen (70; 86; 71).
  • Neurologic agentsNeurologic agents: In humans, citicoline decreased ischemic lesion volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke (73). Similar effects were observed in animal models of ischemic stroke (97; 98; 99; 100).

    • Citicoline/Food Interactions:

  • Insufficient available evidence.

    • Citicoline/Lab Interactions:

  • Blood lipidsBlood lipids: In human research, citicoline increased levels of blood lipids (81). Further details are unavailable at this time.
  • DopaDopa: In human research, citicoline increased plasma dopa (71).
  • Growth hormoneGrowth hormone: According to human evidence, citicoline administration has been shown to delay activation of growth hormone secretion in patients with diseases of the frontal lobe, while no effects were observed in patients with pituitary adenomas or hypothalamic lesions (50). However, in healthy volunteers, an intravenous infusion of citicoline resulted in an increase in serum growth hormone levels (51).
  • Homovanillic acidHomovanillic acid: human research, citicoline increased plasma homovanillic acid (71).
  • Interleukin-1 betaInterleukin-1 beta: In human research, citicoline decreased IL-1 beta levels (55).
  • ProlactinProlactin: In healthy volunteers, an intravenous infusion of citicoline resulted in decreased prolactin levels (51).