Coriander

Coriander/Drug Interactions:

  • Anthelmintic agentsAnthelmintic agents: In both in vitro and in vivo study, crude extracts of Coriandrum sativum seeds exhibited anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus (82).
  • AntibioticsAntibiotics: Although the majority of in vitro evidence indicates the coriander has antibacterial properties (83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88), in some assays, antibacterial activity was absent (89; 90; 91).
  • Antidiabetic agentsAntidiabetic agents: Coriander has been reported to be hypoglycemic (10). In an animal model of diabetes, coriander extract exhibited antihyperglycemic, insulin-releasing, and insulin-like activity and decreased serum glucose (9; 12; 27; 28).
  • AntifungalsAntifungals: In in vitro research, coriander essential oil inhibited the growth of fungi and yeasts (92; 92; 84; 93; 83; 94).
  • AntihypertensivesAntihypertensives: In animal study, coriander extracts caused a drop in arterial blood pressure in rats and rabbits; the decrease was greater than 30% in anesthetized, normotensive rats (2; 26).
  • Anti-inflammatory agentsAnti-inflammatory agents: In human study, a lotion containing 0.5% coriander oil exhibited mild anti-inflammatory effects (3).
  • Antilipemic agentsAntilipemic agents: In animal study, Coriandrum sativum (1g/kg of body weight) reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both synthesis and excretory phases in rats in a manner comparable with that of Liponil (a commercially available herbal hypolipidemic drug) (95). In rats administered a high-fat diet, coriander seeds caused a significant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxides, free fatty acids, glutathione, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, with significant increases in beta-hydroxy, beta-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase, and plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity (96; 97; 98). The level of HDL cholesterol decreased.
  • AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: In in vitro study, coriander inhibited the formation of DNA adducts and had an antiproliferative effect on cancer cell lines (99; 100; 101). In contrast, a basic stewing preparation containing a mixture of herbs including coriander (red pepper, black pepper, garlic oil, caraway, and coriander) was determined to be a risk factor for developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (80).
  • Cytochrome P450-metabolized agentsCytochrome P450-metabolized agents: Components of coriander (d-limonene and 1,8-cineole) inhibited midazolam (MDZ) 1'-hydroxylation and 4-hydroxylation of CYP3A4 activity in vitro in pooled human liver microsomes (102). In in vitro study, compounds from coriander did not influence CYP3A4 gene expression, but stimulated CYP1A2 gene expression (103).
  • DiureticsDiuretics: There are conflicting reports on whether coriander has diuretic activity (2; 104; 105). In animal study, a crude aqueous extract of coriander seeds given intravenously to anesthetized rats increased diuresis, excretion of electrolytes, and glomerular filtration rate in a manner similar to that of furosemide (105).
  • Fertility agentsFertility agents: The effect of a coriander seed extract has been studied on female fertility in rats (81). The extract produced a dose-dependent significant anti-implantation effect, but failed to produce complete infertility and did not produce any significant abortifacient activity. There was no significant change in the weight and length of the fetuses delivered by rats treated with the extract, and no abnormalities were seen in the organs of the offspring.
  • Gastrointestinal agentsGastrointestinal agents: In animal study, an intragastric perfusion of aqueous Coriandrum sativum extract caused a significant increase in acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats, which was significantly reduced with atropine treatment (106). Coriander also increased acid secretion in injured stomachs. In animal study, an Ayurvedic formulation containing Aegle marmeloes, Coriandrum sativum, Cyperus rotundus, and Vetiveria zizanioides showed significant inhibitory activity against induced inflammatory bowel disease in a manner comparable to that of prednisolone (107). One study found coriander to be gastroprotective against ulcers (108). A coriander fruit extract caused atropine-sensitive stimulatory effects in isolated guinea pig ileum, similar to that caused by verapamil (2). Coriander preparations were not found to have a bactericidal effect against H. pylori isolates, although one compound isolated from coriander reduced the adhesion of H. pylori to human stomach tissue (103; 109).
  • Heavy metal antagonists/chelating agentsHeavy metal antagonists/chelating agents: Animal study has shown that Coriandrum sativum has suppressive activity on lead deposition, which may be a result of chelation of lead by some plant constituents (8).
  • Hepatotoxic agentsHepatotoxic agents: In animal study, coriander oil caused marked-to-severe fat infiltration in hepatocytes, which led to fatty cysts (42). In contrast, in a different animal study, Coriandrum sativum extract protected the liver from oxidative stress induced by CCl4 in a manner comparable to that of silymarin (110).
  • LaxativesLaxatives: In animal study, two phytotherapeutic products containing Coriandrum sativum powder (other ingredients of the two products included Cassia angustifolia, Cassia fistula, Tamarindus indica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Senna alexandrina) enhanced rat feces elimination, with increased incidence of pasty feces (111).
  • Muscle relaxantsMuscle relaxants: In vitro, an aqueous extract of coriander fruit reduced contractions of rabbit ear artery smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner; however, the mechanism of action is unclear (112). In animal study, a coriander extract significantly reduced spontaneous activity and neuromuscular coordination (18).
  • Photosensitizing agentsPhotosensitizing agents: A component of coriander, coriandrin, photosensitized mammalian cells in vitro, although not as strongly as psoralen (34).
  • SedativesSedatives: A coriander extract significantly reduced spontaneous activity and neuromuscular coordination in animal study, suggesting that coriander seed extract may have anxiolytic and sedative effects (18).

    • Coriander/Herb/Supplement Interactions:

  • Anthelmintic herbs and supplementsAnthelmintic herbs and supplements: In both in vitro and in vivo study, crude extracts of Coriandrum sativum seeds exhibited anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus (82).
  • AntibacterialsAntibacterials: Although the majority of in vitro evidence indicates the coriander has antibacterial properties (83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88), in some assays antibacterial activity was absent (89; 90; 91).
  • AntifungalsAntifungals: In in vitro research, coriander essential oil inhibited the growth of fungi and yeasts (92; 92; 84; 93; 83; 94).
  • Anti-inflammatory herbsAnti-inflammatory herbs: In human study, a lotion containing 0.5% coriander oil exhibited mild anti-inflammatory effects (3).
  • AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In animal study, Coriandrum sativum (1g/kg of body weight) reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both synthesis and excretory phases in rats in a manner comparable with that of Liponil (a commercially available herbal hypolipidemic drug) (95). In rats administered a high-fat diet, coriander seeds caused a significant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxides, free fatty acids, glutathione, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, with significant increases in beta-hydroxy, beta-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase, and plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity (96; 97; 98). The level of HDL cholesterol decreased.
  • AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: In in vitro study, coriander inhibited the formation of DNA adducts and had an antiproliferative effect on cancer cell lines (99; 100; 101). In contrast, a basic stewing preparation containing a mixture of herbs including coriander (red pepper, black pepper, garlic oil, caraway, and coriander) was determined to be a risk factor for developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (80).
  • AntioxidantsAntioxidants: In in vitro and animal research, components of coriander have shown antioxidant activity (27; 113; 108; 114; 115; 116; 117; 110; 118; 119), although not in all systems tested (120).
  • Chelating agentsChelating agents: In animal study, Coriandrum sativum has shown suppressive activity on lead deposition, which may be a result of chelation of lead by some plant constituents (8).
  • Cytochrome P450-metabolized herbs and supplementsCytochrome P450-metabolized herbs and supplements: Components of coriander (d-limonene and 1,8-cineole) inhibited midazolam (MDZ) 1'-hydroxylation and 4-hydroxylation of CYP3A4 activity in vitro in pooled human liver microsomes (102). In in vitro study, compounds from coriander did not influence CYP3A4 gene expression, but stimulated CYP1A2 gene expression (103).
  • DiureticsDiuretics: There are conflicting reports on whether coriander has diuretic activity (2; 104; 105). In animal study, a crude aqueous extract of coriander seeds given intravenously to anesthetized rats increased diuresis, excretion of electrolytes, and glomerular filtration rate in a manner similar to that of furosemide (105).
  • Fertility herbs and supplementsFertility herbs and supplements: The effect of a coriander seed extract has been studied on female fertility in rats (81). The extract produced a dose-dependent significant anti-implantation effect, but failed to produce complete infertility and did not produce any significant abortifacient activity. There was no significant change in the weight and length of the fetuses delivered by rats treated with the extract, and no abnormalities were seen in the organs of the offspring.
  • Gastrointestinal herbs and supplementsGastrointestinal herbs and supplements: In animal study, an intragastric perfusion of aqueous Coriandrum sativum extract caused a significant increase in acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats, which was significantly reduced with atropine treatment (106). Coriander also increased acid secretion in injured stomachs. In animal study, an Ayurvedic formulation containing Aegle marmeloes, Coriandrum sativum, Cyperus rotundus, and Vetiveria zizanioides showed significant inhibitory activity against induced inflammatory bowel disease in a manner comparable to that of prednisolone (107). One study found coriander to be gastroprotective against ulcers (108). A coriander fruit extract caused atropine-sensitive stimulatory effects in isolated guinea pig ileum, similar to that caused by verapamil (2). Coriander preparations were not found to have a bactericidal effect against H. pylori isolates, although one compound isolated from coriander reduced the adhesion of H. pylori to human stomach tissue (103; 109).
  • Hepatotoxic herbs and supplementsHepatotoxic herbs and supplements: In animal study, coriander oil caused marked-to-severe fat infiltration in hepatocytes, which led to fatty cysts (42). In contrast, in a different animal study, Coriandrum sativum extract protected the liver from oxidative stress induced by CCl4 in a manner comparable to that of silymarin (110).
  • HypoglycemicsHypoglycemics: Coriander has been reported to be hypoglycemic (10). In an animal model of diabetes, coriander extract exhibited antihyperglycemic, insulin-releasing, and insulin-like activity and decreased serum glucose (9; 12; 27; 28).
  • HypotensivesHypotensives: In animal study, coriander extracts caused a drop in arterial blood pressure in rats and rabbits; the decrease was greater than 30% in anesthetized, normotensive rats (2; 26).
  • LaxativesLaxatives: In animal study, two phytotherapeutic products containing Coriandrum sativum powder (other ingredients in the two products included Cassia angustifolia, Cassia fistula, Tamarindus indica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Senna alexandrina) enhanced rat feces elimination, with increased incidence of pasty feces (111).
  • Muscle relaxantsMuscle relaxants: In vitro, an aqueous extract of coriander fruit reduced contractions of rabbit ear artery smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner; however, the mechanism of action is unclear (112). In animal study, a coriander extract significantly reduced spontaneous activity and neuromuscular coordination (18).
  • PhotosensitizersPhotosensitizers: A component of coriander, coriandrin, photosensitized mammalian cells in vitro, although not as strongly as psoralen (34).
  • SedativesSedatives: A coriander extract significantly reduced spontaneous activity and neuromuscular coordination in animal study, suggesting that coriander seed extract may have anxiolytic and sedative effects (18).

    • Coriander/Food Interactions:

  • ChickpeaChickpea: Addition of coriander spice did not have any effect on digestibility or biological value of protein of chickpea diets (121).
  • CuminCumin: Spice derived from coriander seed in combination with cumin spice significantly increased the biological value of protein compared to a control diet (121).
  • Red chiliRed chili: Spice derived from coriander seed in combination with red chili spice significantly increased the biological value of protein compared to a control diet (121).
  • SorghumSorghum: Spice derived from coriander seed did not affect protein digestibility of sorghum; however, a sorghum diet with coriander spice did increase the biological value of protein compared to a control diet. This was significant when red chili or cumin was included (121).

    • Coriander/Lab Interactions:

  • Blood pressureBlood pressure: In animal study, coriander extracts caused a drop in arterial blood pressure in rats and rabbits; the decrease was greater than 30% in anesthetized, normotensive rats (2; 26).
  • Insulin and glucose levelsInsulin and glucose levels: Coriander has been reported to be hypoglycemic (10). In an animal model of diabetes, coriander extract exhibited antihyperglycemic, insulin-releasing, and insulin-like activity and decreased serum glucose (9; 12; 27; 28).
  • Lipid levelsLipid levels: In animal study, Coriandrum sativum (1g/kg of body weight) reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both synthesis and excretory phases in rats in a manner comparable with that of Liponil (a commercially available herbal hypolipidemic drug) (95). In rats administered a high-fat diet, coriander seeds caused a significant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxides, free fatty acids, glutathione, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol, and triglycerides with significant increases in beta-hydroxy, beta-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase, and plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity (96; 97; 98). The level of HDL cholesterol decreased.