Dietary saccharides

Glyconutrients/Drug Interactions:

  • Anticoagulants and antiplateletsAnticoagulants and antiplatelets: Based on secondary sources, glyconutrient commercial products that contain vitamin K may interact with anticoagulants and thus should be used with extreme caution. Similarly, glyconutrients containing ubidecarenone may diminish the response to warfarin (Coumadin?), and patients should be monitored.
  • AntidiabeticsAntidiabetics: According to secondary sources, glyconutrients may increase the secretion of insulin due to reports that glyconutrients stimulate the pancreas.
  • AntidiarrhealsAntidiarrheals: In rats, glyconutrient complex powders inhibited colitis and reduced the incidence of diarrhea (34).
  • AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In humans, glyconutrients have been shown to decrease levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and to increase levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the HDL:LDL ratio (52).
  • EstrogensEstrogens: In humans, the availability of constituent glyconutrient monosaccharides was altered by estrogenic pesticides via the disruption of cellular membranes and the inhibition of sodium-independent glucose monosaccharide transporters (59).
  • Gastrointestinal agentsGastrointestinal agents: In rats, glyconutrient complex powders inhibited colitis and reduced the incidence of diarrhea (34). In vitro, glyconutrients had prebiotic properties (41; 42; 43) and according to secondary sources, glyconutrients may improve gastrointestinal health.
  • ImmunosuppressantsImmunosuppressants: In cells and humans, glyconutrients had immunomodulatory effects (33; 53; 54; 18; 60; 8).
  • Iron saltsIron salts: In humans, glyconutritional supplements increased iron and total iron-binding capacity (52).
  • Memory agentsMemory agents: In humans, glyconutrient supplementation purportedly improved various indices of cognitive function (4).

    • Glyconutrients/Herb/Supplement Interactions:

  • Anticoagulants and antiplateletsAnticoagulants and antiplatelets: According to secondary sources, glyconutrient commercial products that contain vitamin K may interact with anticoagulants and thus should be used with extreme caution. Similarly, glyconutrients containing ubidecarenone may diminish the response to anticoagulants and patients should be monitored.
  • AntidiarrhealsAntidiarrheals: In rats, glyconutrient powders were found to inhibit colitis and reduce the incidence of diarrhea (34).
  • AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In humans, glyconutrients decreased levels of LDL cholesterol and increased levels of HDL cholesterol and the HDL:LDL ratio (52).
  • AntioxidantsAntioxidants: In mice, glyconutritional treatment prevented Coxsackievirus-induced glutathione depletion (61). In humans, glyconutrient supplementation has been reported to decrease levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in some subjects (52). Other human studies have indicated possible antioxidant effects (17; 18), including decreased levels of urinary lipid hydroperoxide (19).
  • CopperCopper: In humans, glyconutritional supplements decreased copper levels (52).
  • FiberFiber: In women, increased dietary fiber consumption has been shown to promote the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) monosaccharides, whereas the addition of a non-digestable cellulose, decreased monosaccharide digestibility (62).
  • Folic acidFolic acid: In humans, glyconutritional supplements have been suggested to increase levels of folic acid (52).
  • Gastrointestinal agentsGastrointestinal agents: In rats, glyconutrient powders were found to inhibit colitis and reduce the incidence of diarrhea (34). In vitro, glyconutrients had prebiotic properties (41; 42; 43) and based on secondary sources, glyconutrients may improve gastrointestinal health.
  • Hyperglycemics/hypoglycemicsHyperglycemics/hypoglycemics: According to secondary sources, glyconutrients may increase the secretion of insulin due to reports that glyconutrients stimulate the pancreas.
  • ImmunosuppressantsImmunosuppressants: In cells and humans, glyconutrients had immunomodulatory effects (33; 53; 54; 18; 60; 8).
  • IronIron: In humans, glyconutritional supplements increased iron and total iron-binding capacity (52).
  • Memory agentsMemory agents: In humans, glyconutrient supplementation purportedly improved various indices of cognitive function (4).
  • PhytoestrogensPhytoestrogens: Based on pre-clinical research, the availability of constituent glyconutrient monosaccharides may be altered by estrogenic pesticides via the disruption of cellular membranes and the inhibition of sodium-independent glucose monosaccharide transporters (59).
  • PrebioticsPrebiotics: In vitro, glyconutrients may have prebiotic properties (41; 42; 43).

    • Glyconutrients/Food Interactions:

  • Copper-containing foodsCopper-containing foods: In humans, glyconutritional supplements decreased copper levels (52).
  • Folic acid-containing foodsFolic acid-containing foods: In humans, glyconutritional supplements have been suggested to increase levels of folic acid (52).
  • Iron-containing foodsIron-containing foods: In humans, glyconutritional supplements increased iron and total iron-binding capacity (52).
  • Vitamin B12-containing foodsVitamin B12-containing foods: In humans, glyconutritional decreased blood levels of vitamin B12 (52).

    • Glyconutrients/Lab Interactions:

  • CD8+ countCD8+ count: In human and animal studies, arabinogalactans from Larix occidentalis increased CD8+ lymphocytes in humans (8).
  • CD34 cellsCD34 cells: In human and animal studies, fucoidans from Undaria pinnatifida increased CD34+ cells and CXCR4-expressing CD34+ cells (8).
  • CeruloplasminCeruloplasmin: In humans, glyconutrients increased ceruloplasmin levels (52).
  • Coagulation panelCoagulation panel: According to secondary sources, glyconutrient commercial products that contain vitamin K may interact with anticoagulants and thus should be used with extreme caution. Similarly, glyconutrients containing ubidecarenone may diminish the response to anticoagulants and patients should be monitored.
  • CopperlevelsCopperlevels: In humans, glyconutrients decreased blood levels of copper, as well as the ratio of copper to ceruloplasmin (52).
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG)Electroencephalogram (EEG): In humans, glyconutrient supplementation enhanced three brain wave frequencies (theta, alpha, and beta) known to be associated with attention and arousal (63).
  • Folic acidlevelsFolic acidlevels: In humans, glyconutrients increased levels of folic acid (52).
  • ImmunoglobulinsImmunoglobulins: In human and animal studies, arabinogalactans from Larix occidentalis increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) (8). Polysaccharide peptides (PSP), isolated from the fungus Coriolus versicolor, increased blood IgG and IgM.
  • InterferonsInterferons: In human and animals studies, fucoidans from Undaria pinnatifida increased interferon (IFN)-gamma in humans (8).
  • InterleukinsInterleukins: In human and animal studies, glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were found to decrease interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 and increase IL-12 (8).
  • IronlevelsIronlevels: In humans, glyconutrients have been shown to increase iron and total iron-binding capacity (52).
  • Lipid hydroperoxide levelsLipid hydroperoxide levels: In humans, a glyconutrient supplement decreased urinary lipid hydroperoxide levels by 12.2%, 15.0%, and 17.0%, with daily doses of 500mg, 1.0g, and 1.5g, respectively (19).
  • Lipid profileLipid profile: In humans, glyconutrients have been shown to decrease levels of LDL cholesterol and to increase levels of HDL cholesterol and HDL:LDL ratio (52).
  • Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC): In humans, consumption of a glyconutrient supplement has been shown to increase antioxidant activity by 36.6% (p=0.04), as assessed by serum oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (18).
  • Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1)Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1): In human and animal studies, fucoidans from Undaria pinnatifida were found to increase stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in humans (8).
  • Sucrose levelsSucrose levels: In humans, serum fructose response appears higher following a disaccharide (sucrose) load as compared to a monosaccharide load (glucose and fructose) (64).
  • Vitamin B12 levelsVitamin B12 levels: In humans, glyconutrients have been shown to decrease blood levels of vitamin B12 (52).
  • White blood cell countWhite blood cell count: Fucoidans from Undaria pinnatifida were found to decrease blood leukocytes and lymphocytes in humans (8). Polysaccharide peptides (PSP), isolated from the fungus Coriolus versicolor, were found to increase total leukocyte and neutrophil counts. Glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were found to decrease percentage of eosinophils.