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Polydextrose/Drug Interactions:

  • AntibioticsAntibiotics: In animal research, polydextrose had antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans (12).
  • Antidiabetic agentsAntidiabetic agents: In humans, polydextrose did not inhibit glucose absorption (46). In clinical research, an aspartame-polydextrose and unsweetened polydextrose 3g tablet did not have a significant effect on cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR), or plasma glucagon or fatty acid concentrations; however, there was a significant decrease in plasma glucose and insulin (39). Patients who consumed 12g of polydextrose plus 50g of glucose experienced a glycemic index of 89% (compared with a glycemic index of 100% after ingestion of 50g of glucose) (7). In other clinical research, changes in fasting plasma glucose concentrations or postprandial glycemia in patients taking polydextrose were not reported; however, there was a marginal but significant increase in glycosylated hemoglobin A1(c) (41). Other studies in animals also suggest that polydextrose may affect blood glucose levels (42).
  • Antidiarrheal agentsAntidiarrheal agents: Polydextrose was used to induce diarrhea in a study that evaluated the preventive effect of a germinated barley foodstuff added to the diet (47). In early animal research and studies in healthy humans, polydextrose has been found to soften stool consistency, decrease orofecal transit time, and improve frequency and ease of defecation overall (48; 49; 45; 50; 37; 51; 52; 7; 53).
  • AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In animal research, polydextrose caused a dose-dependent decrease in lymph flow in the mesenteric lymph, which resulted in larger amounts of both triglyceride and cholesterol remaining in the lumen (43). In clinical research, the metabolism of HDL cholesterol and its major proteins, apo A-I and A-II, were selectively affected by polydextrose administration in healthy adults; however, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol serum levels were not affected (40). In clinical research, the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio decreased significantly, and fasting HDL cholesterol concentration increased significantly in patients who ingested polydextrose (41).
  • Antineoplastic agentsAntineoplastic agents: Based on in vitro evidence, polydextrose may decrease the risk of the development of colon cancer via modulation of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression (54). Study observations showed a significant dose-dependent decreasing effect on COX-2 and an increasing effect on COX-3 expression levels on a Caco-2 colon cancer cell line.
  • Antiobesity agentsAntiobesity agents: In humans, polydextrose has been shown to have a mild effect on satiety (55; 56). Patients who ingested a nonsugar chocolate containing polydextrose and lactitol exhibited less fat absorption in the gut (57).
  • Gastrointestinal agentsGastrointestinal agents: In animal research, supplemented soluble dietary fibers such as polydextrose protected the small intestine against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced damage (58).
  • LaxativesLaxatives: Polydextrose was used to induce diarrhea in a study that evaluated the preventive effect of a germinated barley foodstuff added to the diet (47). In early animal research and studies in healthy humans, polydextrose has been found to soften stool consistency, decrease orofecal transit time, and improve frequency and ease of defecation overall (48; 49; 45; 50; 37; 51; 52; 7; 53).
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agentsNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents: In animal research, supplemented soluble dietary fibers such as polydextrose protected the small intestine against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced damage (58).

    • Polydextrose/Herb/Supplement Interactions:

  • AntibacterialsAntibacterials: In animal research, polydextrose had antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans (12).
  • Antidiarrheal agentsAntidiarrheal agents: Polydextrose was used to induce diarrhea in a study that evaluated the preventive effect of a germinated barley foodstuff added to the diet (47). In early animal research and studies in healthy humans, polydextrose has been found to soften stool consistency, decrease orofecal transit time, and improve frequency and ease of defecation overall (48; 49; 45; 50; 37; 51; 52; 7; 53).
  • nti-inflammatory herbs or supplementsAnti-inflammatory herbs or supplements: In animal research, supplemented soluble dietary fibers such as polydextrose protected the small intestine against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced damage (58).
  • Antilipemic herbs or supplementsAntilipemic herbs or supplements: In animal research, polydextrose caused a dose-dependent decrease in lymph flow in the mesenteric lymph, which resulted in larger amounts of both triglyceride and cholesterol remaining in the lumen (43). In clinical research, the metabolism of HDL cholesterol and its major proteins, apo A-I and A-II, were selectively affected by polydextrose administration in healthy adults; however, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol serum levels were not affected (40). In clinical research, the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio decreased significantly, and fasting HDL cholesterol concentration increased significantly in patients who ingested polydextrose (41).
  • AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: Based on in vitro evidence, polydextrose may decrease the risk of the development of colon cancer via modulation of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression (54). Study observations showed a significant dose-dependent decreasing effect on COX-2 and an increasing effect on COX-3 expression levels on a Caco-2 colon cancer cell line.
  • Antiobesity herbs and supplementsAntiobesity herbs and supplements: In humans, polydextrose has been shown to have a mild effect on satiety (55; 56). Patients who ingested a nonsugar chocolate containing polydextrose and lactitol exhibited less fat absorption in the gut (57).
  • CalciumCalcium: In animal research, rats fed polydextrose diets experienced an increase in intestinal calcium absorption (59). Based on a review, polydextrose may increase absorption and urinary excretion of calcium (38).
  • Fiber supplementsFiber supplements: Polydextrose, a nondigestible oligosaccharide, is considered to exert physiological effects similar to those of other dietary fibers (2).
  • Gastrointestinal herbs or supplementsGastrointestinal herbs or supplements: In animal research, supplemented soluble dietary fibers such as polydextrose protected the small intestine against nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced damage (58).
  • HypoglycemicsHypoglycemics: In humans, polydextrose did not inhibit glucose absorption (46). In clinical research, an aspartame-polydextrose and unsweetened polydextrose 3g tablet did not have a significant effect on cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR), or plasma glucagon or fatty acid concentrations; however, there was a significant decrease in plasma glucose and insulin (39). Patients who consumed 12g of polydextrose plus 50g of glucose experienced a glycemic index of 89% (compared with a glycemic index of 100% after ingestion of 50g of glucose) (7). In other clinical research, changes in fasting plasma glucose concentrations or postprandial glycemia in patients taking polydextrose were not reported; however, there was a marginal but significant increase in glycosylated hemoglobin A1(c) (41). Other studies in animals also suggest that polydextrose may affect blood glucose levels (42).
  • LaxativesLaxatives: Polydextrose was used to induce diarrhea in a study that evaluated the preventive effect of a germinated barley foodstuff added to the diet (47). In early animal research and studies in healthy humans, polydextrose has been found to soften stool consistency, decrease orofecal transit time, and improve frequency and ease of defecation overall (48; 49; 45; 50; 37; 51; 52; 7; 53).
  • ProbioticsProbiotics: In vitro, polydextrose stimulated probiotic counts (8). Among the probiotics, B. lactis exhibited the highest counts in all supplemented milk samples.

    • Polydextrose/Food Interactions:

  • CarbohydratesCarbohydrates: In vivo and in vitro, a positive interaction was found between lactitol and polydextrose, and a lack of an interaction was found between polydextrose and isomalt (34).
  • FiberFiber: Polydextrose, a nondigestible oligosaccharide, is considered to exert physiological effects similar to those of other dietary fibers (2)

    • Polydextrose/Lab Interactions:

  • Blood electrolytesBlood electrolytes: In humans, supplementation of polydextrose for 28 days did not result in significant changes (7).
  • Blood glucoseBlood glucose: In humans, polydextrose did not inhibit glucose absorption (46). In clinical research, an aspartame-polydextrose and unsweetened polydextrose 3g tablet did not have a significant effect on cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR), or plasma glucagon or fatty acid concentrations; however, there was a significant decrease in plasma glucose and insulin (39). Patients who consumed 12g of polydextrose plus 50g of glucose experienced a glycemic index of 89% (compared with a glycemic index of 100% after ingestion of 50g of glucose), but a change in fasting blood glucose was not reported (7). In other clinical research, changes in fasting plasma glucose concentrations or postprandial glycemia in patients taking polydextrose were not reported; however; there was a marginal but significant increase in glycosylated hemoglobin A1(c) (41). Other studies in animals also suggest that polydextrose may affect blood glucose levels (42).
  • CalciumCalcium: Based on a review, polydextrose may increase absorption and urinary excretion of calcium (38).
  • Digestive enzymesDigestive enzymes: In animal research, polydextrose increased maltase activity, although lactase activity was not changed (37).
  • Fatty acidsFatty acids: In in vivo and human studies, polydextrose, when combined with cocoa, increased the intestinal production of butyric acid and short-chain fatty acids (60), especially acetate and propionate (5). In animal research, polydextrose decreased the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids, while biogenic amine levels did not change. Polydextrose supplementation reduced concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and tryptamine, while increasing concentrations of spermidine (48).
  • Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): In clinical research, changes in fasting plasma glucose concentrations or postprandial glycemia in patients taking polydextrose were not reported; however, there was a marginal but significant increase in HbA1c (41). However, another study did not report a change in HbA1c after 28 of supplementation with polydextrose.
  • Lipid panelLipid panel: In animal research, polydextrose caused a dose-dependent decrease in lymph flow in the mesenteric lymph, which resulted in larger amounts of both triglyceride and cholesterol remaining in the lumen (43). In clinical research, the metabolism of HDL cholesterol and its major proteins, apo A-I and A-II, were selectively affected by polydextrose administration in healthy adults; however, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol serum levels were not affected (40). In clinical research, the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio decreased significantly, and fasting HDL cholesterol concentration increased significantly in patients who ingested polydextrose (41).
  • Liver functionLiver function: In humans, supplementation of polydextrose for 28 days did not result in significant changes (7).
  • Pancreatic enzymesPancreatic enzymes: In animal research, pancreatic hyperplasia and enhanced trypsin activity were reported after seven days of supplementation with polydextrose (37).
  • Renal functionRenal function: In humans, supplementation of polydextrose for 28 days did not result in significant changes (7).