Raspberry ketone

Raspberry ketone/Drug Interactions:

  • AntiandrogensAntiandrogens: In human MDA kb2 breast cancer cell lines, raspberry ketone has been shown to inhibit androgen receptor activity in vitro (9).
  • AnticoagulantsAnticoagulants: Anecdotally, raspberry ketone has been suggested as decreasing the international normalized ratio (INR) of warfarin, thereby necessitating increased weekly warfarin dosing.
  • AntidiabeticsAntidiabetics: In rats with high-fat diet-induced elevations in serum glucose, raspberry ketone has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (11).
  • Anti-inflammatoriesAnti-inflammatories: According to research in cells and animals, raspberry ketone has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, including suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression (10), inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production (10), and reduction of elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (11).
  • AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In rats with high-fat diet-induced elevations in serum lipids, raspberry ketone has been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol (11). Reduced arteriosclerosis index scores have also been seen in humans following raspberry ketone supplementation (22).
  • AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: In human MDA kb2 breast cancer cell lines, raspberry ketone has been shown to inhibit androgen receptor activity in vitro (9).
  • Antiobesity agentsAntiobesity agents: According to research conducted in cells and animals, raspberry ketone has demonstrated antiobesogenic lipolytic effects, including increased fatty acid oxidation (20) and adiponectin activity (20), and reduced leptin (11) and lipid accumulation (20; 21). In both animals and humans, raspberry ketone has also been shown to reduce body weight and body fat (22), as well as diminish total body and organ-specific weight gain (21).
  • CNS stimulantsCNS stimulants: Structurally, raspberry ketone resembles synephrine, a known stimulant agent. Although not well studied in humans, stimulant-related side effects may be possible. According to secondary sources, an incident of shakiness and heart palpitations has been reported.
  • Dermatologic agentsDermatologic agents: According to preclinical and clinical research, raspberry ketone has been shown to inhibit melanogenesis and whiten skin (24), promote hair growth (23), and increase facial skin elasticity (23).
  • Heart rate-regulating agentsHeart rate-regulating agents: According to secondary sources, an incident of heart palpitations has occurred with the use of raspberry ketone.
  • Hepatoprotective agentsHepatoprotective agents: In rats with compromised liver status due to the consumption of a high-fat diet, raspberry ketone has been shown to reduce levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (11).
  • Hormonal agentsHormonal agents: In human breast cancer cell lines, raspberry ketone has been shown to inhibit androgen receptor activity in vitro (9).
  • WarfarinWarfarin: Anecdotally, raspberry ketone has been suggested to decrease the international normalized ratio (INR) of warfarin, thereby necessitating increased weekly warfarin dosing.

    • Raspberry ketone/Herb/Supplement Interactions:

  • AntiandrogensAntiandrogens: In human MDA kb2 breast cancer cell lines, raspberry ketone has been shown to inhibit androgen receptor activity in vitro (9).
  • AntiarrhythmicsAntiarrhythmics: According to secondary sources, an incident of heart palpitations has occurred with the use of raspberry ketone.
  • AnticoagulantsAnticoagulants: Anecdotally, raspberry ketone has been suggested as decreasing the international normalized ratio (INR) of warfarin, thereby necessitating increased weekly warfarin dosing.
  • Anti-inflammatoriesAnti-inflammatories: According to research in cells and animals, raspberry ketone has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, including suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression (10), inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production (10), and reduction of elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (11).
  • AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In rats with high-fat diet-induced elevations in serum lipids, raspberry ketone has been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol (11). Reduced arteriosclerosis index scores have also been seen in humans following raspberry ketone supplementation (22).
  • AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: In human MDA kb2 breast cancer cell lines, raspberry ketone has been shown to inhibit androgen receptor activity in vitro (9).
  • Antiobesity agentsAntiobesity agents: In research conducted in cells and animals, raspberry ketone has demonstrated antiobesogenic lipolytic effects, including increased fatty acid oxidation (20) and adiponectin activity (20), and reduced leptin (11) and lipid accumulation (20; 21). In both animals and humans, raspberry ketone has also been shown to reduce body weight and body fat (22), as well as diminish total body and organ-specific weight gain (21).
  • AntioxidantsAntioxidants: In rats fed a high-fat diet, raspberry ketone has demonstrated antioxidant effects, including the reduction of abnormally high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (11).
  • Dermatologic agentsDermatologic agents: According to preclinical and clinical research, raspberry ketone has been shown to inhibit melanogenesis and whiten skin (24), promote hair growth (23), and increase facial skin elasticity (23).
  • HepaticsHepatics: In rats with compromised liver status due to the consumption of a high-fat diet, raspberry ketone has been shown to reduce levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (11).
  • Hormonal agentsHormonal agents: In human breast cancer cell lines, raspberry ketone has been shown to inhibit androgen receptor activity in vitro (9).
  • Hyperglycemics/hypoglycemicsHyperglycemics/hypoglycemics: In rats with high-fat diet-induced elevations in serum glucose, raspberry ketone has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity, and reduce blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (11).
  • StimulantsStimulants: Structurally, raspberry ketone resembles synephrine, a known stimulant agent. Although not well studied in humans, stimulant-related side effects may be possible. According to secondary sources, an incident of shakiness and heart palpitations has been reported.

    • Raspberry ketone/Food Interactions:

  • Insufficient available evidence.

    • Raspberry ketone/Lab Interactions:

  • Coagulation panel (INR: international normalized ratio)Coagulation panel (INR: international normalized ratio): Anecdotally, raspberry ketone has been suggested as decreasing the INR of warfarin, thereby necessitating increased weekly warfarin dosing.
  • GlucoseGlucose: In rats with high-fat diet-induced elevations in serum glucose, raspberry ketone has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity, and reduce blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (11).
  • LipidsLipids: In rats with high-fat diet-induced elevations in serum lipids, raspberry ketone has been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol (11). Reduced arteriosclerosis index scores have also been seen in humans following raspberry ketone supplementation (22).
  • Liver enzymesLiver enzymes: In rats with compromised liver status due to the consumption of a high-fat diet, raspberry ketone has been shown reduce alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (11).