Spleen extract

Spleen extract/Drug Interactions:

  • AnalgesicsAnalgesics: Based on an animal study, tuftsin may enhance the perception of pain (27).
  • AntibioticsAntibiotics: Based on a laboratory study, tuftsin may have antimicrobial activity (58). Based on a lab study, the tuftsin in spleen extract may behave as a carrier of antibiotics in intracellular infections, and simultaneous administration of antibiotics and spleen extract may have a synergistic quality on this class of drugs (33). Based on numerous laboratory studies, tuftsin in spleen extract may increase macrophage activity, thereby decreasing the risk of bacterial infection (59; 5; 21; 19; 44; 22; 19) and may enhanced blood clearing of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens (60).
  • Anticancer agentsAnticancer agents: Tuftsin, cyclophosphamide, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy may more effectively treat non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung (61). Based on laboratory studies, tuftsin may enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages (58; 50; 21; 41; 22), slow or prevent the migration of human malignant melanoma antigen (52; 19) and dose-dependently modulate the release of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor (34; 62; 41). Based on a laboratory study, tuftsin may restore the phagocytosis of defected granulocytes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1).
  • Anticoagulants/antiplateletsAnticoagulants/antiplatelets: Based on laboratory study, tuftsin may increase coagulation of immunological cells, including monocytes and macrophages (23). C-reactive protein (CRP) can activate platelets (aggregated and ligand-complexed forms of CRP) or inhibit platelet activation (naturally occurring CRP peptides); two CRP domains also contain homologues of tuftsin, a component of spleen extract, which indicates that CRP's platelet processes may be mediated by tuftsin homologues (57).
  • AntifungalsAntifungals: Based on a mouse study, encapsulation of antifungal drugs, especially amphotericin B, in tuftsin-bearing liposomes may increase their efficacy (63).
  • BestatinBestatin: Based on a study in mice, the tuftsin in spleen extract may enhance the immunostimulant properties of bestatin (41).
  • CyclophosphamideCyclophosphamide: Tuftsin, cyclophosphamide, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy may more effectively treat non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung (61).
  • ImmunomodulatorsImmunomodulators: Tuftsin, cyclophosphamide, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy may more effectively treat non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung (61). Based on laboratory studies, spleen extract may have antigenic properties (28) or chalone-like activity (29; 30), or affect migration of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear human leukocytes (31). Based on numerous laboratory and animal studies, tuftsin may stimulate the cellular immune system, specifically phagocytosis and tumor necrosis factor release (32; 33; 34; 8; 10; 35; 5; 36; 37; 38; 23; 21; 39; 2; 40; 41; 42; 7; 43; 44; 22; 45; 46; 47; 19; 48; 49; 50; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55), even for the immunocompromised or those who have had splenectomy, AIDS, or AIDS-related complex (1; 3; 4). Based on laboratory studies, the administration of spleen extract may partially restore cellular immunity in Hodgkin's disease patients (24; 4). Based on a laboratory study, tuftsin may increase the defective chemotaxis in systemic lupus erythematosus (25).
  • Psychotropic agentsPsychotropic agents: Based on animal studies, tuftsin may have psychotropic effects (26; 27).

    • Spleen extract/Herb/Supplement Interactions:

  • AnalgesicsAnalgesics: Based on an animal study, tuftsin may enhance the perception of pain (27).
  • Anticancer agentsAnticancer agents: Tuftsin, cyclophosphamide, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy may more effectively treat non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung (61). Based on laboratory studies, tuftsin may enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages (58; 50; 21; 41; 22), slow or prevent the migration of human malignant melanoma antigen (52; 19) and dose-dependently modulate the release of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor (34; 62; 41). Based on a laboratory study, tuftsin may restore the phagocytosis of defected granulocytes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1).
  • AntimicrobialsAntimicrobials: Based on a laboratory study, tuftsin may have antimicrobial activity (58). Based on a lab study, the tuftsin in spleen extract may behave as a carrier of antibiotics in intracellular infections, and simultaneous administration of antibiotics and spleen extract may have a synergistic quality on this class of drugs (33). Based on numerous laboratory studies, tuftsin in spleen extract may increase macrophage activity, thereby decreasing the risk of bacterial infection (59; 5; 21; 19; 44; 22; 19) and may enhanced blood clearing of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens (60).
  • Anticoagulants/antiplateletsAnticoagulants/antiplatelets: Based on laboratory study, tuftsin may increase coagulation of immunological cells, including monocytes and macrophages (23). C-reactive protein (CRP) can activate platelets (aggregated and ligand-complexed forms of CRP) or inhibit platelet activation (naturally occurring CRP peptides); two CRP domains also contain homologues of tuftsin, a component of spleen extract, which indicates that CRP's platelet processes may be mediated by tuftsin homologues (57).
  • AntifungalsAntifungals: Based on a mouse study, encapsulation of antifungal drugs, especially amphotericin B, in tuftsin-bearing liposomes may increase their efficacy (63).
  • AntioxidantsAntioxidants: Based on a laboratory study, tuftsin may have antioxidant activity (47).
  • ImmunomodulatorsImmunomodulators: Based on laboratory studies, spleen extract may have antigenic properties (28) or chalone-like activity (29; 30), or affect migration of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear human leukocytes (31). Based on numerous laboratory and animal studies, tuftsin may stimulate the cellular immune system, specifically phagocytosis and tumor necrosis factor release (32; 33; 34; 8; 10; 35; 5; 36; 37; 38; 23; 21; 39; 2; 40; 41; 42; 7; 43; 44; 22; 45; 46; 47; 19; 48; 49; 50; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55), even for the immunocompromised or those who have had splenectomy, AIDS, or AIDS-related complex (1; 3; 4). Based on laboratory studies, the administration of spleen extract may partially restore cellular immunity in Hodgkin's disease patients (24; 4). Based on a laboratory study, tuftsin may increase the defective chemotaxis in systemic lupus erythematosus (25).
  • Psychotropic agentsPsychotropic agents: Based on animal studies, tuftsin may have psychotropic effects (26; 27).

    • Spleen extract/Food Interactions:

  • Insufficient available evidence.

    • Spleen extract/Lab Interactions:

  • Coagulation panelCoagulation panel: Based on laboratory study, tuftsin may increase coagulation of immunological cells, including monocytes and macrophages (23). C-reactive protein (CRP) can activate platelets (aggregated and ligand-complexed forms of CRP) or inhibit platelet activation (naturally occurring CRP peptides); two CRP domains also contain homologues of tuftsin, a component of spleen extract, which indicates that CRP's platelet processes may be mediated by tuftsin homologues (57).
  • Interleukin-1Interleukin-1: Based on a laboratory study, tuftsin may dose-dependently modulate the release of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor (62).
  • Leukocyte migration testLeukocyte migration test: Tuftsin may affect the migration of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear human leukocytes, based on laboratory studies (31; 52).
  • Tumor necrosis factorTumor necrosis factor: Based on laboratory studies, tuftsin may dose-dependently modulate the release of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor (34; 62).
  • White blood cell countWhite blood cell count: Based on laboratory studies, the administration of spleen extract may partially restore cellular immunity in Hodgkin's disease patients (24; 4). Based on numerous laboratory and animal studies, tuftsin may stimulate the cellular immune system (32; 33; 34; 8; 10; 35; 5; 36; 37; 38; 23; 21; 39; 2; 40; 41; 42; 7; 43; 44; 22; 45; 46; 47; 19; 48; 49; 50; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55), even for the immunocompromised or those who have had splenectomy, AIDS, or AIDS-related complex (1; 2; 3; 4).