Estrogens

Estrogens/Nutrient Depletion:

  • DHEADHEA: Conjugated estrogens decreased plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in postmenopausal women (12724021, 10594527).
  • FolateFolate: According to secondary sources, reduced serum and red blood cell folate levels may occur in some women taking conjugated estrogens (Premarin?), but this is unlikely in women with adequate dietary folate intake. Progesterone based therapy may decrease folate levels, as witnessed in animal study involving chick embryos (16804264). This study also suggested that progesterone-related folic acid deficiency may lead to neuronal tube defects.
  • MagnesiumMagnesium: According to human study and clinical review, estrogens may enhance magnesium uptake by soft tissues and bones, thus lowering serum levels (10231048, 2132751).
  • Vitamin AVitamin A: Based on human study and clinical review, estrogens have been found to stimulate the production of retinol binding protein and to increase the mobilization of vitamin A from liver storage (1130320, 6481708).
  • Vitamin B6/pyridoxineVitamin B6/pyridoxine: Based on human evidence, use of estrogens and estrogen-containing oral contraceptives may interfere with pyridoxine metabolism, reducing serum pyridoxine levels (226838).
  • Zinc:Zinc: Based on human evidence, estrogen administration may decrease zinc absorption (15619923).