Neurological Agents
Neurologics/Nutrient Depletion:
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): Secondary sources indicate that antipsychotics and antidepressants may reduce the natural production of CoQ10. Use of both agents, therefore, may result in diminished effects of CoQ10. Specific medications noted in anecdotal reports include amitripyline, amoxapine, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, nortriptyline, and perphenazine.
DHEADHEA:In men with mental disorders receiving antipsychotic drugs that had been medication-free for at least three months, there were lower serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) than in controls (10080231).
MelatoninMelatonin: Based on human study, melatonin changes after antidepressant use may be due to pharmacological action of these drugs on melatonin secretion (18562432). After treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), levels of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), the main melatonin urinary metabolite, increased. In human trial, fluoxetine reduced melatonin levels (7728363).
RiboflavinRiboflavin: Based on animal studies, tricyclic antidepressants, such as imipramine, desimpramine, amitriptyline, and nortriptyline, may reduce levels of riboflavin in the body, meriting supplementation (6262379). Based on evidence from animal studies, phenothiazine antipsychotic medications, such as chlorpromazine, may lower riboflavin levels (6626265). Phenothiazines may inhibit the incorporation of riboflavin into flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN).
SeleniumSelenium: Based on human study, it has been suggested that cardiac side effects associated with clozapine use may be related to low selenium concentrations (12630982, 8830067). It is unclear if assessment of selenium levels or selenium supplementation should be routine in patients taking this drug.
SodiumSodium: According to a review, hyponatraemia may be a possible reaction to treatment with selected serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (9742847) and measurement of serum electrolytes may be recommended (9588311), particularly in patients over the age of 65 (9489575).