DHA

DHA/Nutrient Depletion:

  • Alpha-linolenic acidAlpha-linolenic acid: According to human research, consuming diets rich in alpha-linolenic acid may decrease conversion into long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA (315).
  • Arachidonic acidArachidonic acid: Supplementation with DHA in human research often results in decreased AA in cellular and plasma phospholipids (173; 366; 395; 5).
  • EPAEPA: In human research, supplementation with EPA in the absence of DHA resulted in a decline in DHA concentration in red blood cells (330).
  • LipidsLipids: In humans, DHA resulted in decreases in triglycerides (8; 1; 136; 133; 134; 6; 2; 4; 5; 135; 7) and total cholesterol (3), and reductions in small LDL particles (134) and medium HDL particles (134). In clinical research, high DHA fish oil resulted in triglyceride and cholesterol reductions and increased cholesterol reduction over statin use alone (144).
  • Vitamin EVitamin E: In human research, DHA supplementation for four years resulted in a trend toward lower vitamin E concentrations (338).