Se

Selenium/Nutrient Depletion:

  • CisplatinCisplatin: In human research, cisplatin has been reported to reduce serum selenium concentrations in patients being treated for testicular cancer (477).
  • ClozapineClozapine: In human research, the antischizophrenia drug clozapine has been reported to correlate with low serum selenium levels (510; 511).
  • CorticosteroidsCorticosteroids: In human research, high-dose corticosteroid therapy (specifically, 20-60mg of prednisolone daily) lowered plasma selenium levels (419).
  • Diets (e.g., ketogenic diet, vegetarian diet, diets high in refined foods)Diets (e.g., ketogenic diet, vegetarian diet, diets high in refined foods): Certain diets (e.g., ketogenic diet, vegetarian diet, and diets high in refined foods) can lead to selenium deficiency (492; 493; 494; 495; 496).
  • EstrogensEstrogens: Selenium levels may be decreased in patients taking oral contraceptives, as estrogens have been shown to upregulate selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (420).
  • Gastrointestinal resectionGastrointestinal resection: Stomach and small intestine surgical resectioning may lead to selenium deficiency (512). An age-related rise in blood lipid peroxides measured by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method was not influenced by vitamin E and selenium supplementation (513).
  • IronIron: Based on human research, serum selenium levels may be affected by iron supplementation (422).
  • SmokingSmoking: Smoking may cause lower selenium, with no effects on GSH-PX activity (514).
  • Valproic acidValproic acid: Decreased selenium levels have been reported in humans and animals after valproic acid administration (481).
  • Vegetarian dietVegetarian diet: Selenium status has been shown to be significantly lower in vegetarians when compared to nonvegetarians (499).