Arbre ? pain

Related Terms

4-Prenyloxyresveratrol, ?rbol de pan (Spanish), arbre ? pain (French), artocarbene, artocarpesin, artocarpin, artocarpine, Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus camansi, Artocarpus communis, Artocarpus communis Moraceae, Artocarpus incise, Artocarpus incisus, Artocarpus mariannensis, Artocarpus tonkinensis, artochamins, artocommunols, artomunoflavanone, artomunoisoxanthone, bakri-chajhar (Hindi), beta (Vanuatu), BFL, bia (Solomon Islands), bl?foutou (Benin), breadfruit lectin, broodboom (Dutch), broodvrucht (Dutch), Brotfruchtbaum (German), buco (Fiji), bulo (Solomon Islands), chlorophorin, cycloaltilisin 6 (dimeric dihydrochalcone), cycloaltilisin 7 (prenylated flavone), cycloartenol, cyclocomunomethonol, cyclomorusin, dihydroartomunoxanthone, dihydrochalcones, (+)-dihydromorin, fruit ? pain (French), fruta de pan (Spanish), fruta p?o (Portuguese), frutackin (chitin-binding lectin), frutalin (alpha-D-galactose-binding lectin), frutapan (Caribbean), Gal beta1, GalNAc, geranyl chalcone derivatives, geranyl dihydrochalcones, geranyl flavonoids, isoartocarpesin (6-(3"-methyl-1"-butenyl)-5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), isolespeol, jacalin, kapiak (Tok Pisin), kuru (Cook Islands), lespeol (Spanish - Guatemala, Honduras), mai (Micronesia), mazapan (Spanish - Guatemala, Honduras), meduu (Palau), mei (Micronesia), Moraceae (family), mos (Kosraean - Micronesia), nimbalu (Solomon Islands), nirphanas (Marathi), (+)-norartocarpanon, pain bois (French - Caribbean), pan (Spanish), panapen (Spanish), panbwa (Caribbean), p?o de massa (Portuguese), papayotin, rata del (Sinhalese), rimas (Tagalog), shelisheli (Swahili - Tanzania), sukun (Indonesian), terminal Gal, Thai breadfruit, 'ulu (Hawaiian), 'uru (Society Islands), uto (Fiji), Venezuelan breadfruit, xanthoangelol, yovot?vi (Benin).
Note: This monograph covers only breadfruit-bearing Artocarpus species and does not go in detail about related species like jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), cempedak (Artocarpus champeden), and marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus). Treculia africana, although known as African breadfruit, is not included in the monograph, as it belongs to a different genus.

Background

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a traditional starch-rich crop belonging to the Moraceae family. The tree, native to the Malay Peninsula and western Pacific islands, is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. The term "breadfruit" is derived from the Greek words artos (bread) and karpos (fruit). When cooked or baked, the fruit gives off a fragrance similar to fresh baked bread, hence the name.
Breadfruit may lower blood pressure, and it has also been studied in the treatment of tapeworm infection. It may also be used for diabetes, sore eyes, leg pain and tingling, enlarged spleen, skin infections, boils, burns, broken bones, arthritis, and decreased urination. Leaf extracts of the breadfruit tree have been used to treat toothaches and diarrhea. However, well-designed clinical trials are needed before conclusions can be made regarding the effectiveness of breadfruit for any condition.

Evidence Table

These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)

Tradition / Theory

The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.

Dosing

Adults (18 years and older)
There is no proven safe or effective dose for breadfruit in adults.

Safety

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.

Interactions

Interactions with Drugs
Breadfruit may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with drugs that increase the risk of bleeding. Some examples include aspirin, anticoagulants (blood thinners) such as warfarin (Coumadin?) or heparin, antiplatelet drugs such as clopidogrel (Plavix?), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen (Motrin?, Advil?) or naproxen (Naprosyn?, Aleve?).
Breadfruit may also interact with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, anticancer agents, antifungal agents, antiparasitic agents, inotropes (agents that may control muscle contraction), and skin-lightening agents.

Attribution

This information is based on a systematic review of scientific literature edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).

Bibliography

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