Korean pine

Related Terms

Alpha-pinene, beta-myrcene, beta-pinene, beta-sitosterol, bishomo-pinolenic acid (7,11,14-20:3), (-)-bornyl acetate, broadleaf Korean pine, broadleaved Korean pine, C18H30O2, C20 elongation products, C20 fatty acids, C20 non-methylene-interrupted trienoic acid, camphene, caryophyllene, coniferonic acid (5,9,12,15-18:4), cupin superfamily proteins, daucosterol, dehydroabietic acid, delta5 desaturase, delta-5,9,12-18:3, delta5,11,14/20:3, delta-5-desaturase, delta-5-desaturation, delta-5-UBIFA, delta-5-unsaturated bis-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (delta-5-UBIFAs), delta-5-unsaturated polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids (delta-5-UPIFAs), delta-5-UPIFA, diterpenoid acids, diterpenoids, diterpenols, eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA, 7,11,14-20:3), essential oils, free fatty acids, gum turpentines, Gymnospermae (group), gymnosperms, hydroxyabietic acid, isolongifolene, koraiol, Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.), Korean pine nut oil, Korean pine seed oil, lambertianic acid, limonene, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, monounsaturated fats, NMIFA, non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMIFAs), octadecatrienoic acid, oleic acid, oleoresin, omega-6 fatty acids, phenolic terpenoids, Pinaceae (family), pine cone essential oil, pine kernel, pine seed oil, pinecone seeds, pinion, PinnoThinT, pinolenic acid (cis-5,cis-9,cis-12-octadecatrienoic acid, all-cis-5,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid, pi?on, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus korazenszis, polyunsaturated fats, procyanidins, resin, sandaracopimaric acid, sciadonic acid (5,11,14-20:3), seed fatty acids, seed storage proteins, sesquiterpene alcohol, taxoleic acid (delta-5,9-18:2), terpenes, terpenoids, trans-fatty acids, trienoic acids, triglycerides, unsaturated dietary fats, vicilin-type 7S seed storage protein.

Background

Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) is a hardy evergreen tree with edible seeds, commonly called pine nuts or pine kernels, which are often used as an ingredient in pesto or cooking oils. Several parts of the Korean pine plant have been used medicinally, including the leaves, roots, bark, stems, and resin. The principal active ingredient is thought to be pinolenic acid. Pinolenic acid is not to be confused with columbinic acid found in columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris) seed oil.
In traditional Chinese medicine, Korean pine has been used for its cholesterol-lowering and appetite-suppressing effects. Additional studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of its long-term use.

Evidence Table

These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *


Early research suggests that Korean pine nut oil decreases food intake and feelings of hunger. Additional long-term research in this area is needed.

 B


Early research suggests that Korean pine nut oil decreases food intake and feelings of hunger. Additional long-term research in this area is needed.

 B
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)

Tradition / Theory

The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.

Dosing

Adults (18 years and older)
For appetite suppression, single doses of 2-3 grams of PinnoThinT pine nut free fatty acid (FFA) oil and 2-6 grams of PinnoThinT pine nut triglyceride (TG) oil have been taken by mouth.

Safety

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.

Interactions

Interactions with Drugs
Korean pine may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with drugs that increase the risk of bleeding. Some examples include aspirin, anticoagulants (blood thinners) such as warfarin (Coumadin?) or heparin, antiplatelet drugs such as clopidogrel (Plavix?), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen (Motrin?, Advil?) or naproxen (Naprosyn?, Aleve?).
Korean pine may cause low blood pressure. Caution is advised in patients taking drugs that lower blood pressure.
Korean pine may also interact with antibiotics, anticancer agents, antifungals, lipid-lowering agents, and weight loss agents (such as agents similar to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)).

Attribution

This information is based on a systematic review of scientific literature edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).

Bibliography

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