Kiku

Related Terms

Alantolactone, alpha-pinene, alpha-thujone, apigenin, arnidiol, Asteraceae (family), beta-caryophyllene, borenolide, brein, calenduladiol, camphor, chrysancorin, Chrysanthemum boreale, Chrysanthemum boreale M, Chrysanthemum boreale Makino, Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, Chrysanthemum cocineum, Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum, Chrysanthemum indicum, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Chrysanthemum morifolium extract, Chrysanthemum multiflorum, Chrysanthemum parthenium, Chrysanthemum viscidehirtum, Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat, Chrysanthemum zawadskii cocineum, chrysin, cis-chrysanthenol, coflodiol, Compositae family, Dendranthema, dicaffeoylquinic acids, erythrodiol, faradiol, faradiol alpha-epoxide, flavonoids, feverfew, glucuronide, Indian standard series, jiangtangkang (Chinese), JTK, linarin, longispinogenin (Chinese), luteolin, maniladiol (Chinese), marguerite, oleananes, ox-eye daisy, parthenolide, PC-SPES?, pyrethrins, pyrethroids, pyrethrum, sesquiterpene lactones, sesquiterpenes, Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip, taraxastanes, uvaol, ursanes.
Note: This monograph does not cover tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), which is sometimes classified as Chrysanthemum vulgare; please see the tansy monograph for more information on this topic. Although Chrysanthemum is a component of PC-SPES, this monograph does not cover PC-SPES; please see the PC-SPES monograph for more information on this topic.
WARNING: PC-SPES HAS BEEN RECALLED FROM THE U.S. MARKET AND SHOULD NOT BE USED.

Background

Chrysanthemum is a popular plant for its ornamental, food, and insecticidal uses. Pyrethrins (natural organic compounds) extracted from the seed casings of chrysanthemum, such as Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium and Chrysanthemum coccineum, are used as insecticides and insect repellents. Pyrethrins are known to have a relatively low risk of chronic accumulation, but poisoning may occur from accidental or intentional ingestion or chronic exposure.
Preliminary laboratory studies suggest that chrysanthemum may be beneficial for the treatment of gout (food inflammation) and may alter immune function. In clinical trials, chrysanthemum has decreased diabetes symptoms and a combination including chrysanthemum reduced pre-cancerous lesions. Although the studies in these areas seem promising, more research is needed.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not list chrysanthemum on its Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list.

Evidence Table

These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *


Early study indicates that hua-sheng-ping (includes Chrysanthemum morifolium, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Panax notoginseng) may be beneficial for patients with precancerous lesions. However, more research is needed.

 C


Early study indicates that hua-sheng-ping (includes Chrysanthemum morifolium, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Panax notoginseng) may be beneficial for patients with precancerous lesions. However, more research is needed.

 C


A study using a chrysanthemum product, jiangtangkang, indicated that jiangtangkang may be beneficial for patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. However, results are mixed and additional studies are needed before a firm recommendation can be made.

 C


A study using a chrysanthemum product, jiangtangkang, indicated that jiangtangkang may be beneficial for patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. However, results are mixed and additional studies are needed before a firm recommendation can be made.

 C
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)

Tradition / Theory

The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.

Dosing

Adults (over 18 years old)
There is no proven effective dose for chrysanthemum in adults. Jiangtangkang (a chrysanthemum product) 8 grams, three times per day for six months has been used in the treatment of diabetes.

Safety

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.

Interactions

Interactions with Drugs
Chrysanthemum may have anesthetizing (pain numbing), antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity. Caution is advised in patients taking agents with similar effects due to potential additive effects.
Chrysanthemum may inhibit certain enzymes that play a role in gout (foot inflammation). Use cautiously with medications that treat gout.
Chrysanthemum may have anti-HIV activity. Use cautiously with antiretroviral medications, due to possible additive effects. Chrysanthemum may also interact with immunosuppressants.
Pyrethrins from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium have been studied in the treatment of the herpes virus. Although there is a lack of information in humans, caution is advised in patients taking herpes agents.
The chrysanthemum product jiangtangkang may improve fasting blood glucose (sugar) and post-meal blood glucose and increase sensitivity to insulin in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. Although there is conflicting evidence in this area, caution is advised in patients taking agents for diabetes or hypoglycemia.
Chrysanthemum may cause photosensitization and may cause hyperpigmentation, skin inflammation, or make a patient more sensitive to laser treatment. Use cautiously with photosensitizing agents.

Attribution

This information is based on a systematic review of scientific literature edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).

Bibliography

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