Ziziphus

Related Terms

3-O-[(2-O-\a/-D-fucopyranosyl-3-O-\b/-D-glucopyranosyl)-\a/-arabi nopyranosyl]jujubogenin, 3-O-[alpha-D-fucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-sulphate(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]jujubogenin, 3-O-[alpha-L-fucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]jujubogenin, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[(4-sulfo)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyljujubogenin, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[(4-sulfo)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(20R,22R)-16beta,22:16alpha,30-diepoxydammar-24-ene-3beta,20-diol, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyljujubogenin-20-O-(2,3,4-O-triacetyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyljujubogenin-20-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl(1 -> 2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1--> 3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]jujubogenin, 3-O-cis-p-coumaroyl alphitolic acid, 3-O-cis-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid, 3-O-cis-p-coumaroylalphitolic acid, 3-O-cis-p-coumaroylmaslinic acid, 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl alphitolic acid, 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid, 3-O-trans-p-coumaroylalphitolic acid, 3-O-trans-p-coumaroylmaslinic acid, 4\DP/-\b/-D-glucopyranosyl swertisin, 6'''-feruloyl spinosin, 7-beta-(4-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzoyloxy)-betulinic acid, 7-beta-(4-hydroxybenzoyloxy)-betulinic acid, (25 S)-3-alpha-hydroxy-5-alpha-spirostane-2,12-dione, 27-(4-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzoyloxy)-betulinic acid, abyssenine A, acetyljujuboside B, alkaloids, alphitolic acid, anthraquinones, banarasi karaka, ber, beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, beta-sitosterol, betulinic acid, betulonic acid, bilayati, buckthorn, caffeic acid, calcium, carbohydrates, ceanothane, ceanothane-type triterpenes, chhuhara, Chinese jujube, chlorogenic acid, christinin A, christinin B, christinin C, christinin D, chromium, cinnamic acid, Codonopsis pilosula, colubrinic acid, copper, cyclic AMP (adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate), cyclopeptide, cyclopeptide alkaloids, dammarane saponins, dazao (Chinese), deachuine S10, epigouanic acid A, fatty acids, ferulic acid, fiber, flavonoids, flavonol glycoside, frangulanine-type cyclopeptide alkaloid, fructose, gallic acid, glucose, glycosides, gola, golden yellow, heizao (Chinese), hemicellulose, hongzao (Chinese), hyperoside, ilaichi, Indian jujube, iron, isozizyphursolic acid (18bH-urs-20(30)-en-2a-ol-28-oic acid), jubanine-C, jubanine-C scutianine-C, jubanine-E, jujubasaponine IV, jujube plum, jujuboside A, jujuboside A1, jujuboside B, jujuboside C, jujuboside C (3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl jujubogenin), kaithli, kakrola gola, katha, lanosta-25(26)-en-9alpha-ol-21-oic acid, lanosta-25(26)-en-22beta-ol-18-oic acid 3(19)-olide, lanostane-type triterpene, lotogenin ((15R,16R,20R,22R)-16-beta,22-epoxydammar-24-ene-3-beta,15-alpha,16-alpha,20-beta-tetraol), lotoside I (3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-galactopyranosyl lotogenin), lotoside II (3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl lotogenin), lotusine G, lup-20(29)-en-32-ol-28-oic acid, lupane-type triterpenes, lupenoic acid, mauritine C, mauritine D, methylbetulinate, methylceanothate, Moroccan Zizyphus lotus (L.) Desf., mucronine A, mucronine B, mucronine C mucronine D, mucronine J, mundia murahra, nanche de la costa, nanche de la costa fruit, N-formyl cyclopeptide alkaloid, nickel, nummularine B, nummularine P, nummularine R, nummularogenin ((25 S)-3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-spirostane-2,12-dione), oleanane-type triterpenes, oleanonic acid, oxalic acid, oxyphyl line-A, pathan, pectin, peptide alkaloids, phenols, polyphenol oxidase, polysaccharide, poria cocos, proanthocyanidins, protojujuboside A, protojujuboside B, protojujuboside B1, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-[beta-xylosyl-(1-2)-alpha-rhamnoside] 4'-O-alpha-rhamnoside, resins, Rhamnaceae (family), rutin, safeda rohtak, saiboku-to, sanjoinine A, sanjoinine A dialdehyde, sanjoinine Ah1, sanjoinine D, sanjoinine G2, saponins, sativanine C, sativanine E, sativanine H, sativanine M, sativanine N, sativanine O, scutianine C, seb, seo, sitogluside, sonaur-2, sonaur-3, sour date, sour jujube decoction, spinosin, spiny zizyphus, takadi, tannic acid, tannins, terephthalic acid, terpenic-delta-lactone, tikari, triterpenes, triterpenoid, triterpenoid saponin, umaran, unabi (Zizyphus mill), ursolic acid, vanillic acid, wild zizyphus, xylopyrine A, xylopyrine B, xylopyrine C, xylopyrine D, xylopyrine E, xylopyrine F, zao (Chinese), ZG-3, Zhanhua winter jujube, zinc, zivulgarin (4\DP/-\b/-D-glucopyranosyl swertisin), Ziziphus, zizyberenalic acid, zizyphine A, zizyphulanostan-18-oic acid (lanosta-25(26)-en-22beta-ol-18-oic acid 3(19)-olide), zizyphulanostane-21-oic acid (lanosta-25(26)-en-9alpha-ol-21-oic acid), zizyphursolic acid (18bH-urs-20(30)-en-3b-ol-28-oic acid), Zizyphus cambodiana, Zizyphus fructus, Zizyphus joazeiro, Zizyphus joazeiro Mart., Zizyphus joazeiro Martius, Zizyphus jujuba, Zizyphus jujuba Mill., Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao, Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Zhanhua, Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu, Zizyphus lotus, Zizyphus mauritiana, Zizyphus mauritiana Lam., Zizyphus mauritiana var. banarasi karaka, Zizyphus mauritiana var. bilayati, Zizyphus mauritiana var. chhuhara, Zizyphus mauritiana var. gola, Zizyphus mauritiana var. golden yellow, Zizyphus mauritiana var. ilaichi, Zizyphus mauritiana var. kaithli, Zizyphus mauritiana var. kakrola gola, Zizyphus mauritiana var. katha, Zizyphus mauritiana var. mundia murahra, Zizyphus mauritiana var. pathan, Zizyphus mauritiana var. safeda rohtak, Zizyphus mauritiana var. seb, Zizyphus mauritiana var. seo, Zizyphus mauritiana var. sonaur-2, Zizyphus mauritiana var. sonaur-3, Zizyphus mauritiana var. takadi, Zizyphus mauritiana var. tikari, Zizyphus mauritiana var. umaran, Zizyphus mauritiana var. ZG-3, Zizyphus Mill., Zizyphus mistol, Zizyphus mistol Griseb., Zizyphus mistol seed oil, Zizyphus mouritiana, Zizyphus mucronata, Zizyphus mucronata Willd., Zizyphus nummularia, Zizyphus oenoplia, Zizyphus oxyphylla, Zizyphus oxyphylla Edgew., Zizyphus sativa, Zizyphus sativa Gaertn., zizyphus seeds, Zizyphus sonorensis, Zizyphus spina, Zizyphus spina-christi, Zizyphus spina-christi (L.) Willd., Zizyphus spinosa Hu, Zizyphus spinosae semen, Zizyphus trinervia, Zizyphus vulgaris, Zizyphus vulgaris Lam., Zizyphus xylopyra, Zizyphus-nummularia, Zizyphussativa.
Select combination products: Kanbaku-taiso-to, Tea Garden Valerian Zizyphus Dreams, Suan Zau Ren Tang, Saiko.

Background

Ziziphus species are a group of spiny shrubs and small trees related to buckthorn. Plants may be found in many different warm and near-tropical regions, including Asia (China, India, Korea, Saudi Arabia), Africa (Morocco, Egypt), South America (Brazil), and Europe (the Mediterranean). Similar to dates, Ziziphus fruit often tastes sweet and sugary.
Early use of Ziziphus species reportedly dates back 2,000 years, to the Han Dynasty in China. According to traditional medicine practices, it is well known for its calming and sleep-promoting effects. Either alone or mixed with other herbs, Ziziphus species have been used to treat conditions such as diarrhea, erratic blood pressure, excess worrying, fevers, lack of sleep, menopausal symptoms, mental fatigue, nighttime emissions, sleepiness, and ulcers.
Limited research in humans suggests that Ziziphus species may be effective for treating insomnia, nighttime emissions, and stress. More research is needed in these areas as well as on the effects of Ziziphus species alone.

Evidence Table

These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *


Suan Zao Ren Tang is a combination product containing Ziziphus spinosa and various other herbs. Early research suggests it may be useful in treating lack of sleep. However, the effects of Ziziphus spinosa alone are unclear. Further research is needed in this area.

 C


Suan Zao Ren Tang is a combination product containing Ziziphus spinosa and various other herbs. Early research suggests it may be useful in treating lack of sleep. However, the effects of Ziziphus spinosa alone are unclear. Further research is needed in this area.

 C


Limited research suggests that herbal supplements containing Ziziphus spinosa may improve mood in teenage girls. More research with Ziziphus alone is needed in this area.

 C


Limited research suggests that herbal supplements containing Ziziphus spinosa may improve mood in teenage girls. More research with Ziziphus alone is needed in this area.

 C


Suan Zao Ren Tang is a combination product containing Ziziphus spinosa and various other herbs. Early research suggests it may be useful in treating nighttime emissions. Further research is needed in this area, as the effects of Ziziphus spinosa alone are not clear.

 C


Suan Zao Ren Tang is a combination product containing Ziziphus spinosa and various other herbs. Early research suggests it may be useful in treating nighttime emissions. Further research is needed in this area, as the effects of Ziziphus spinosa alone are not clear.

 C
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)

Tradition / Theory

The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.

Dosing

Adults (18 years and older)
For general use, Ziziphus mauritiana has been taken by mouth as candy. The exact dose taken has not been clearly stated.
For burns, a liquid treatment containing Ziziphus vulgaris cortex (powdered and mixed with 80% alcohol at a 1:2 ratio) has been applied to the skin.

Safety

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.

Interactions

Interactions with Drugs
Ziziphus species may lower blood sugar levels. Caution is advised when using medications that may also lower blood sugar. People taking insulin or drugs for diabetes by mouth should be monitored closely by a qualified healthcare professional, including a pharmacist. Medication adjustments may be necessary.
Ziziphus species may increase the amount of drowsiness caused by some drugs. Examples include benzodiazepines such as lorazepam (Ativan?) or diazepam (Valium?), barbiturates such as phenobarbital, narcotics such as codeine, some antidepressants, and alcohol. Caution is advised while driving or operating machinery.
Ziziphus may cause high or low blood pressure. Caution is advised in people taking agents that affect blood pressure.
Ziziphus species may also interact with agents that affect the immune system, agents that destroy mollusks, agents that inhibit new blood vessel growth, agents that prevent cancer growth, agents that simulate bowel movements, agents that widen blood vessels, antibiotics, antifungals, antiulcer agents, antivirals, fertility agents, fever-lowering agents, hair growth agents, inflammation-lowering agents, lipid-lowering agents, malaria treatment agents, memory-enhancing agents, nervous system agents, pain relievers, prednisone, and venlafaxine.

Attribution

This information is based on a systematic review of scientific literature edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).

Bibliography

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