Lactobacillus acidophilus

Related Terms

Acidophilus, Acidophilus Extra Strength?, acidophilus milk, Acilact, Actimel? Cholesterol Control, Bio-K+?, Calagin?, DDS-Acidophilus, Enpac?, Florajen?, fresh poi, Kyo-Dophilus?, L-92, L. amylovorus, L. gallinarum sp. nov. (ATCC 33199), L. johnsonii sp. nov. (ATCC 33200), Lacteol Fort?, lactic acid bacteria mixture (Oxadrop? or AKSB), lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB), Lacto Bacillus, Lactobacillaceae (family), lactobacilli, lactobacilo acidofilo, lactobacillus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus 74-2, Lactobacillus acidophilus 145, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus acidophilus B, Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2F04, Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL60, Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1, Lactobacillus acidophilus E, Lactobacillus acidophilus group A3, Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA 02, Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Lactobacillus acidophilus milk, Lactobacillus acidophilus N1, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCK56, Lactobacillus acidophilus OLL2769, Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52, Lactobacillus acidophilus spp., Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 27L, Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB (LaLB), Lactobacillus acidophilus-SDC 2012, Lactobacillus acidophilus-SDC 2013, Lactobacillus acidophilus yogurt, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillusgallinarum sp. nov. (ATCC 33199), Lactobacillus johnsonii sp. nov. (ATCC 33200), Lactobacillus LB, Narine?, poi, Probiata?, probiotic, sour poi, Vitaflor, Vivag?, yogurt.
Combination products containing L. acidophilus: Bacid?, Bifid Triple Viable (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and fecal streptococci), Cultura?, Dentavax (D) (composed of killed cells from Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, L. acidophilus, and their lysates), Endolac ?, Femilac? (containing L. rhamnosus, L. delbrueckii, L. acidophilus, and Streptococcus thermophilus), Fermalac? (Canadian), Gynatren? (L. acidophilus, boric acid, and vitamin C), Gynoflor? (L. acidophilus and estriol), Infloran? (L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis), Kala?, LactinexT, More-Dophilus?, NY-YP901 (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium breve (CBG-C2), Enterococcus faecalis FK-23, and fibersol-2), Oxadrop?, Pro-Bionate?, Probaclac Vaginal (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Streptococcus thermophilus), Probio-StickT (Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52 and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175), SCM-III (L. acidophilus strain 145, L. helveticus ATC 15009, Bifidobacterium), Superdophilus?, and VSL3# (three strains of Bifidobacterium, four strains of Lactobacillus, including L. acidophilus, and one strain of Streptococcus).
Note: This bottom line does not provide an in-depth analysis of L. acidophilus used in combination therapies. When available, studies using L. acidophilus alone are discussed in detail.

Background

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a member of the Lactobacillus genus of bacteria. These bacteria can be found in the mouth, intestine, and vagina. L. acidophilus is thought to benefit health, since it produces vitamin K and lactase. However, L. acidophilus cannot make many other vitamins and amino acids. Because of this, L. acidophilus is mostly found in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract where there are higher amounts of these nutrients.
L. acidophilus is commonly used in food, such as yogurt, other dairy products, and fermented soy products, such as miso and tempeh.
L. acidophilus is one of the most commonly used probiotics, microorganisms that are used to promote health. Probiotics are different from prebiotics, which are complex sugars that may support the growth of "good" bacteria in the intestinal tract. The word "synbiotic" means that a product has both a probiotic and a prebiotic.
There is good evidence for the use of L. acidophilus in treating vaginal infections. However, there is unclear evidence for other medicinal uses of L. acidophilus, such as in irritable bowel syndrome, brain disorders, asthma, high cholesterol, lactose digestion, or diarrhea.
Although it is thought to be safe with few side effects, L. acidophilus by mouth should be avoided in people who have intestinal damage, immune problems, or an overgrowth of bacteria in the intestines. These people may have a higher risk of having the bacteria leave the GI tract and possibly cause multiple organ failure. There have been reports that some Lactobacillus species, such as L. rhamnosus and L. casei, may be involved in infections, such as abscesses, meningitis, and septic arthritis.

Evidence Table

These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. GRADE *


There is good evidence supporting the use of L. acidophilus or yogurt enriched with L. acidophilus for the treatment of vaginal infections. More evidence is needed to support the use of L. acidophilus in treating vaginal yeast infections such as candidiasis, as well as restoring microorganisms in the vagina after treatment for infections. Several studies have used L. acidophilus in combination with other probiotics or supplements, such as vitamin B.

 B


There is good evidence supporting the use of L. acidophilus or yogurt enriched with L. acidophilus for the treatment of vaginal infections. More evidence is needed to support the use of L. acidophilus in treating vaginal yeast infections such as candidiasis, as well as restoring microorganisms in the vagina after treatment for infections. Several studies have used L. acidophilus in combination with other probiotics or supplements, such as vitamin B.

 B


Taking Lactobacillus by mouth along with itraconazole has been shown to help treat scaly, itchy rashes. There is also some evidence that Lactobacilli may help prevent this condition. However, other studies did not produce the same results. Some found that L. acidophilus supplementation may increase the risk of sensitivity to food allergens, while others suggest that L. acidophilus may actually decrease sensitivity. More research is needed in this area.

 C


Taking Lactobacillus by mouth along with itraconazole has been shown to help treat scaly, itchy rashes. There is also some evidence that Lactobacilli may help prevent this condition. However, other studies did not produce the same results. Some found that L. acidophilus supplementation may increase the risk of sensitivity to food allergens, while others suggest that L. acidophilus may actually decrease sensitivity. More research is needed in this area.

 C


Limited research shows that L. acidophilus combined with iron amino acid chelates may improve measures of anemia, including red blood cell counts and levels of hemoglobin. However, it may lack benefits on other measures, such as cell volume, cell hemoglobin, and serum iron levels. Further research is needed before conclusions can be made.

 C


Limited research shows that L. acidophilus combined with iron amino acid chelates may improve measures of anemia, including red blood cell counts and levels of hemoglobin. However, it may lack benefits on other measures, such as cell volume, cell hemoglobin, and serum iron levels. Further research is needed before conclusions can be made.

 C


Limited research suggests that a probiotic combination containing L. acidophilus may help reduce symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of the spine. However, further research is needed to confirm this and to determine the effects of using L. acidophilus alone.

 C


Limited research suggests that a probiotic combination containing L. acidophilus may help reduce symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of the spine. However, further research is needed to confirm this and to determine the effects of using L. acidophilus alone.

 C


Limited research found unclear and negative evidence to support the use of L. acidophilus in treating allergic asthma. More research is needed in this area.

 C


Limited research found unclear and negative evidence to support the use of L. acidophilus in treating allergic asthma. More research is needed in this area.

 C


Limited research shows that eating probiotic ice cream containing L. acidophilus may reduce levels of microorganisms in the saliva that may be linked to cavities. Further research is needed to confirm this and to identify the effects of L. acidophilus alone.

 C


Limited research shows that eating probiotic ice cream containing L. acidophilus may reduce levels of microorganisms in the saliva that may be linked to cavities. Further research is needed to confirm this and to identify the effects of L. acidophilus alone.

 C


Limited research suggests that taking capsules containing L. acidophilus may lower insulin sensitivity in people who have type 2 diabetes. Further research is needed.

 C


Limited research suggests that taking capsules containing L. acidophilus may lower insulin sensitivity in people who have type 2 diabetes. Further research is needed.

 C


It is unclear whether L. acidophilus, or probiotics in general, may prevent diarrhea. One study found that L. acidophilus alone lacked benefits in preventing traveler's diarrhea, while others found conflicting results when using combination probiotic strains (such as LactinexT, a blend of L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus). There is also conflicting evidence on whether probiotic treatments containing L. acidophilus help prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea in babies and adults, as well as whether probiotics prevent diarrhea more effectively in children.

 C


It is unclear whether L. acidophilus, or probiotics in general, may prevent diarrhea. One study found that L. acidophilus alone lacked benefits in preventing traveler's diarrhea, while others found conflicting results when using combination probiotic strains (such as LactinexT, a blend of L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus). There is also conflicting evidence on whether probiotic treatments containing L. acidophilus help prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea in babies and adults, as well as whether probiotics prevent diarrhea more effectively in children.

 C


The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that treating acute diarrhea in children involves drinking plenty of fluids and supplementing with heat-killed L. acidophilus. However, studies have found conflicting results, and it is still unclear whether L. acidophilus shortens the duration of diarrhea. One study reported that a combination of heat-killed L. acidophilus and zinc therapy had negative results, compared to zinc alone. It is also unclear whether live Lactobacilli, alone or in combination with other treatments, are effective in treating diarrhea. An early study found that live probiotic blends containing L. acidophilus were ineffective, while others reported probiotic treatments to be effective.

 C


The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that treating acute diarrhea in children involves drinking plenty of fluids and supplementing with heat-killed L. acidophilus. However, studies have found conflicting results, and it is still unclear whether L. acidophilus shortens the duration of diarrhea. One study reported that a combination of heat-killed L. acidophilus and zinc therapy had negative results, compared to zinc alone. It is also unclear whether live Lactobacilli, alone or in combination with other treatments, are effective in treating diarrhea. An early study found that live probiotic blends containing L. acidophilus were ineffective, while others reported probiotic treatments to be effective.

 C


Low-quality studies found that eyedrops that contain L. acidophilus may help reduce symptoms of an eye disease called keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Further research is needed before conclusions can be made.

 C


Low-quality studies found that eyedrops that contain L. acidophilus may help reduce symptoms of an eye disease called keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Further research is needed before conclusions can be made.

 C


Limited research suggests that L. acidophilus may reduce fever and the duration of flu symptoms. However, further research is needed before conclusions can be made.

 C


Limited research suggests that L. acidophilus may reduce fever and the duration of flu symptoms. However, further research is needed before conclusions can be made.

 C


Animal research suggests that L. acidophilus may reduce allergic immune responses. There is some evidence that milk containing L. acidophilus may relieve hay fever symptoms, but other studies found conflicting results. More research is needed to understand how L. acidophilus may relieve allergies.

 C


Animal research suggests that L. acidophilus may reduce allergic immune responses. There is some evidence that milk containing L. acidophilus may relieve hay fever symptoms, but other studies found conflicting results. More research is needed to understand how L. acidophilus may relieve allergies.

 C


Some strains of probiotic bacteria may block the growth H. pylori and treat or prevent H. pylori infection. However, studies suggest that L. acidophilus lacks this effect on H. pylori. Yogurt containing L. acidophilus and B. lactis was reported to decrease H. pylori activity and improve antibiotic therapy in H. pylori infections, but this effect was likely due to B. lactis. Other Lactobacillus species may be more effective, such as L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. casei, and L. johnsonii.

 C


Some strains of probiotic bacteria may block the growth H. pylori and treat or prevent H. pylori infection. However, studies suggest that L. acidophilus lacks this effect on H. pylori. Yogurt containing L. acidophilus and B. lactis was reported to decrease H. pylori activity and improve antibiotic therapy in H. pylori infections, but this effect was likely due to B. lactis. Other Lactobacillus species may be more effective, such as L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. casei, and L. johnsonii.

 C


One study found that probiotics containing L. acidophilus may reduce toxins in the blood, which may help prevent hepatic encephalopathy (confused thinking due to liver disorders). However, other studies found unclear or negative evidence. Further research is needed in this area.

 C


One study found that probiotics containing L. acidophilus may reduce toxins in the blood, which may help prevent hepatic encephalopathy (confused thinking due to liver disorders). However, other studies found unclear or negative evidence. Further research is needed in this area.

 C


Probiotics may help enhance the immune system at an early age and prevent allergic disorders later in life. Combination probiotic supplements have been shown to affect the adult immune system. Early studies found that L. acidophilus supplementation may affect early immune responses to allergens and vaccines. However, there is conflicting evidence. Effects on other immune disorders remain unclear.

 C


Probiotics may help enhance the immune system at an early age and prevent allergic disorders later in life. Combination probiotic supplements have been shown to affect the adult immune system. Early studies found that L. acidophilus supplementation may affect early immune responses to allergens and vaccines. However, there is conflicting evidence. Effects on other immune disorders remain unclear.

 C


Studies report that combination probiotic preparations containing L. acidophilus may help treat intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). L. acidophilus may also help standard therapies for partial bowel blockages. However, combination probiotic preparations with L. acidophilus lack benefits in critically ill people with gut disorders. There is unclear and conflicting evidence supporting the use of L. acidophilus alone in treating IBS.

 C


Studies report that combination probiotic preparations containing L. acidophilus may help treat intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). L. acidophilus may also help standard therapies for partial bowel blockages. However, combination probiotic preparations with L. acidophilus lack benefits in critically ill people with gut disorders. There is unclear and conflicting evidence supporting the use of L. acidophilus alone in treating IBS.

 C


Lactic acid bacteria are thought to promote lactose digestion by breaking down lactose or releasing compounds that help digest it. However, there is unclear and conflicting evidence to support the use of L. acidophilus for this purpose.

 C


Lactic acid bacteria are thought to promote lactose digestion by breaking down lactose or releasing compounds that help digest it. However, there is unclear and conflicting evidence to support the use of L. acidophilus for this purpose.

 C


Limited research using a combination treatment has shown that probiotic treatment may improve the symptoms of liver disease in certain patients, but further studies are still needed before conclusions may be made. In addition, studies assessing the effects of L. acidophilus alone are still needed.

 C


Limited research using a combination treatment has shown that probiotic treatment may improve the symptoms of liver disease in certain patients, but further studies are still needed before conclusions may be made. In addition, studies assessing the effects of L. acidophilus alone are still needed.

 C


Limited research suggests that treating newborns with solutions containing living or killed L. acidophilus bacteria may help reduce necrotizing enterocolitis, a disorder involving the death of intestinal tissue. Further research is needed before conclusions can be made.

 C


Limited research suggests that treating newborns with solutions containing living or killed L. acidophilus bacteria may help reduce necrotizing enterocolitis, a disorder involving the death of intestinal tissue. Further research is needed before conclusions can be made.

 C


Limited research shows that pneumonia has been treated with a combination of antibiotics and L. acidophilus. However, further details are unclear.

 C


Limited research shows that pneumonia has been treated with a combination of antibiotics and L. acidophilus. However, further details are unclear.

 C


Limited research suggests that a combination therapy involving L. acidophilus may prevent relapse of pouchitis, inflammation of the ileal pouch after surgery. Further research is needed to confirm these results and to identify the effects of L. acidophilus alone.

 C


Limited research suggests that a combination therapy involving L. acidophilus may prevent relapse of pouchitis, inflammation of the ileal pouch after surgery. Further research is needed to confirm these results and to identify the effects of L. acidophilus alone.

 C


Vaginal disease caused by bacteria may lead to preterm delivery and low birthweight. There is some evidence that L. acidophilus may help prevent preterm delivery, though more evidence is needed.

 C


Vaginal disease caused by bacteria may lead to preterm delivery and low birthweight. There is some evidence that L. acidophilus may help prevent preterm delivery, though more evidence is needed.

 C


Limited research shows that diarrhea caused by radiation may be reduced with combination therapy involving L. acidophilus. However, further research is needed to confirm these results and to identify the effects of L. acidophilus alone.

 C


Limited research shows that diarrhea caused by radiation may be reduced with combination therapy involving L. acidophilus. However, further research is needed to confirm these results and to identify the effects of L. acidophilus alone.

 C


Limited research shows that treating newborns with solutions containing living or killed L. acidophilus bacteria may help prevent sepsis, a severe response to bacteria or germs. More studies are needed before conclusions can be made.

 C


Limited research shows that treating newborns with solutions containing living or killed L. acidophilus bacteria may help prevent sepsis, a severe response to bacteria or germs. More studies are needed before conclusions can be made.

 C


There is conflicting evidence as to whether combination probiotics containing L. acidophilus may benefit high cholesterol. Although L. acidophilus has been shown in some studies to lower cholesterol, this effect may be due to bile acids.

 D


There is conflicting evidence as to whether combination probiotics containing L. acidophilus may benefit high cholesterol. Although L. acidophilus has been shown in some studies to lower cholesterol, this effect may be due to bile acids.

 D
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)
* Key to grades

A: Strong scientific evidence for this use
B: Good scientific evidence for this use
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
D: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)

Tradition / Theory

The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.

Dosing

Adults (18 years and older)
According to expert opinion, taking 1 x 109 living L. acidophilus cells by mouth in divided doses daily is an adequate dose for most people. Higher amounts may lead to mild stomach problems, while smaller amounts may not be enough. Most formulations base dosage on the number of living organisms, but dry weight has been used in some cases (e.g., 1.5 grams of L. acidophilus).
L. acidophilus supplements taken with antibiotics may kill L. acidophilus.
To treat hay fever, 100 milliliters of heat-treated fermented milk containing L. acidophilus (providing 5 x 1010 cells) has been taken by mouth daily for 6-8 weeks.
To treat type 2 diabetes, capsules containing one gram of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM have been taken by mouth daily for four weeks.
To prevent traveler's diarrhea, 1011 colony-forming units (CFU) of Lactobacillus acidophilus has been taken by mouth daily for three weeks.
To treat hepatic encephalopathy (confused thinking due to liver disorders), a freeze-dried L. acidophilus preparation called Enpac? has been taken by mouth daily in doses of 20-90 grams (107 organisms per gram) for up to six weeks.
To treat high cholesterol, a dose of 3 x 1010 L. acidophilus organisms has been taken by mouth three times daily for six weeks. A dose of 200 grams of L. acidophilus yogurt has been taken by mouth daily for four weeks. A dose of 125 milliliters of L. acidophilus fermented milk has been taken by mouth three times daily for three weeks.
To improve immune function, clotted milk (containing 1010 CFU of L. acidophilus per 100 grams of milk product) has been taken by mouth daily for five weeks.
To treat intestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), L. acidophilus has been taken by mouth in a dose of 5 x 109 heat-killed organisms, twice daily for six weeks. A dose of 240 milliliters of L. acidophilus milk (7-9 x 106 CFU per milliliter) has been taken by mouth daily for two weeks. One capsule of L. acidophilus-SDC 2012, 2013 (2 x 109 CFU per milliliter) has been taken by mouth twice daily for four weeks.
To treat lactose intolerance, 1010 CFU of L. acidophilus and L. acidophilus fermented milk has been taken by mouth. Single 400-milliliter doses of milk containing one of four different strains of L. acidophilus (ATCC 4356, B, N1, or E) have been taken by mouth.
To prevent vaginal disorders, a vaccine containing L. acidophilus (Gynatren?) has been injected in three doses of 0.5 milliliters every two weeks (with a booster after 12 months) or every seven days together with standard treatment (tetracycline-amphotericin B suppositories, for insertion into the vagina).
To treat vaginal disorders, including bacterial and yeast infections, eight ounces or 150 milliliters of 108 CFU per milliliter of L. acidophilus yogurt have been taken by mouth daily. One to two tablets or capsules (Gynoflor? or Vivag?) (107-109 CFU per tablet or capsule) have been inserted into the vagina once or twice daily for up to three months. Preparations containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (Calagin?, SIFFRA?) have been inserted into the vagina every other day for 10 days after menstruation for three months. A yogurt douche, made by adding water to 10-15 milliliters of yogurt (108 CFU per milliliter of L. acidophilus), has been inserted into the vagina twice daily for two months.
To treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca, an eye disease, eyedrops containing a diluted Lactobacillus acidophilus saline solution (2 x 108 CFU per milliliter) have been applied to the eyes four times daily for four weeks.

Safety

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.

Interactions

Interactions with Drugs
Lactobacillus may affect insulin sensitivity. Caution is advised when using medications that may also affect insulin sensitivity or blood sugar. People taking drugs for diabetes by mouth or insulin should be monitored closely by a qualified healthcare professional, including a pharmacist. Medication adjustments may be necessary.
Lactobacillus may also interact with agents that may affect the immune system, agents that may treat arthritis, agents that may treat asthma, agents that may treat diarrhea, agents that may treat heart problems, agents that may treat stomach problems, agents that may treat ulcers (such as rabeprazole), alcohol, antibiotics (such as amoxicillin, bacampicillin, clarithromycin, enoxacin, and furazolidone), antivirals, benzodiazepines, birth control, cholesterol-lowering agents, esomeprazole, iron salts, tinidazole, and vaccinations.

Attribution

This information is based on a systematic review of scientific literature edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).

Bibliography

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