Gossypium arboreum

Cotton/Drug Interactions:

  • AnalgesicsAnalgesics: According to limited research, gossypol may interact with analgesic agents, but further information regarding these interactions is lacking at this time.
  • AntibioticsAntibiotics: Extracts from Gossypol herbaceum have been shown to contain pectin, which may increase concentrations of complement components 3 (C3) and complement component 4 (C4) in the colostrum of lactating mothers when administered orally (18). This effect may increase the antibacterial properties of the colostrum for the child and have additive effects with other antibacterial agents. Methanol extracts of the whole Gossypium arboreum plant have been evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity against causal species of typhoid fever, including Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, and S. typhimurium; minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.03-1mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of 0.03-2mg/mL were reported (23). In an in vitro assay, Gossypium arboreum leaf extract showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, M. flavus., E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and resistant strains of S. aureus (SA1199B, RN4220, and XU212). In addition, this extract provided growth stimulation and protection from oxidative damage in human fibroblast cells (24).
  • AntifungalsAntifungals: In vitro, extract from the seeds of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium arboreum have been shown to promote the yeast-to-mold conversion of various strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis, the common fungal species responsible for causing blastomycosis (25; 26).
  • Anti-inflammatoriesAnti-inflammatories: According to limited research, cotton root may cause histamine release and promote inflammatory response (14; 15). According to a case report, fine cotton fibers from dry cotton sheets have been shown to cause intracranial foreign body granuloma when used during surgical operations (13). However, in in vitro studies, the anti-inflammatory activity of Gossypium arboreum leaf extract has been attributed to its membrane-stabilizing activity (16).
  • AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: In vitro, aqueous-alcohol extracts from Gossypium indicum cotton balls have shown both time- and concentration-dependent anticancer activity against murine melanoma (B16) and murine lymphocytic leukemia (L1210) cell lines (27).
  • ContraceptivesContraceptives: Oral doses of the Chinese cottonseed derivative gossypol effectively prevented spermatogenesis in men, although the risk of irreversible aspermia is 10% (5). However, this effect may be reduced if the gossypol is encapsulated in enteric-coated tablets (4).
  • DiureticsDiuretics: In humans, the potassium-depleting effect of gossypol is statistically significant in individuals taking triamterene (9)
  • IronIron: In animals, oral intake of gossypol bound to cottonseed meal caused a linear decrease in iron absorption (10).
  • Potassium saltsPotassium salts: Oral doses of the Chinese cottonseed derivative gossypol caused hypokalemia (5; 11; 12; 22; 9).

    • Cotton/Herb/Supplement Interactions:

  • AnalgesicsAnalgesics: According to limited research, gossypol may interact with analgesic agents.
  • AntibacterialsAntibacterials: Extracts from Gossypol herbaceum have been shown to contain pectin, which may increase concentrations of complement components 3 (C3) and complement component 4 (C4) in the colostrum of lactating mothers when administered orally (18). This effect may increase the antibacterial properties of the colostrum and have additive effects with other antibacterial agents. Methanol extracts of the whole Gossypium arboreum plant have been evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity against causal species of typhoid fever, including Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, and S. typhimurium; minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.03-1mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of 0.03-2mg/mL were reported (23). In an in vitro assay, Gossypium arboreum leaf extract showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, M. flavus., E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and resistant strains of S. aureus (SA1199B, RN4220, and XU212). In addition, this extract provided growth stimulation and protection from oxidative damage in human fibroblast cells (24).
  • AntifungalsAntifungals: In vitro, extract from the seeds of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium arboreum have been shown to promote the yeast-to-mold conversion of various strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis, the common fungal species responsible for causing blastomycosis (25; 26).
  • Anti-inflammatoriesAnti-inflammatories: According to limited research, cotton root may cause histamine release and promote inflammatory response (14; 15). According to a case report, fine cotton fibers from dry cotton sheets have been shown to cause intracranial foreign body granuloma when used during surgical operations (13). However, in in vitro studies, the anti-inflammatory activity of Gossypium arboreum leaf extract has been attributed to its membrane-stabilizing activity (16).
  • AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: In vitro, aqueous-alcohol extracts from Gossypium indicum cotton balls have shown time- and concentration-dependent anticancer activity against murine melanoma (B16) and murine lymphocytic leukemia (L1210) cell lines (27).
  • ContraceptivesContraceptives: Oral doses of the Chinese cottonseed derivative gossypol effectively prevented spermatogenesis in men, although the risk of irreversible aspermia is 10% (5). However, this effect may be reduced if the gossypol is encapsulated in enteric-coated tablets (4).
  • DiureticsDiuretics: In humans, the potassium-depleting effect of gossypol is still statistically significant in individuals taking triamterene (9).
  • Iron: .Iron: In animals, oral intake of gossypol bound to cotton seed meal caused a linear decrease in iron absorption (10).
  • Potassium saltsPotassium salts: Oral doses of the Chinese cottonseed derivative gossypol caused hypokalemia (5; 11; 12; 22; 9).

    • Cotton/Food Interactions:

  • Iron-containing foodsIron-containing foods: In animals, oral intake of gossypol bound to cotton seed meal caused a linear decrease in iron absorption (10).
  • Potassium-containing foodsPotassium-containing foods: Oral doses of the Chinese cottonseed derivative gossypol caused hypokalemia (5; 11; 12; 22; 9).

    • Cotton/Lab Interactions:

  • Blood chemistryBlood chemistry: In human studies, the combination formula AM-1, which contains Jatropha curcas, Gossypium hirsutum, Physalis angulata, and Delonix regia, lacked adverse effects on glucose and lipid metabolism after oral administration (19).
  • Complement activityComplement activity: Extracts from Gossypol herbaceum have been shown to contain pectin, which induces increases concentrations of complement components 3 (C3) and complement component 4 (C4) in the colostrum of lactating mothers when administered orally (18).
  • Iron levelsIron levels: In animals, oral intake of gossypol bound to cotton seed meal caused a linear decrease in iron absorption (10).
  • Potassium levelsPotassium levels: Oral doses of the Chinese cottonseed derivative gossypol caused hypokalemia (5; 11; 12; 22; 9).
  • Semen analysisSemen analysis: Oral doses of the Chinese cottonseed derivative gossypol effectively prevented spermatogenesis in men, with a 10% risk of irreversible aspermia (5).
  • White blood cell countWhite blood cell count: In human studies, the combination formula AM-1, which contains Jatropha curcas, Gossypium hirsutum, Physalis angulata, and Delonix regia, lacked adverse effects on white blood cell (WBC) count after oral administration (19).