Maral root

Maral root/Drug Interactions:

  • Anabolic agentsAnabolic agents: In animal research, feeding Japanese quails with 6g of 20-hydroecdysone from Leuzea carthamoides increased their mass in a dose dependent manner (16). In a rat model, administration of phytoecdisterone and ecdystone (100mg/100g daily for seven days) increased their body weight gain and weight of the liver, heart, kidney, and musculus tibialis anterior (leg muscle) (17). Three weeks of administration of ecdysten from Leuzea carthamoides increased muscle mass and total work (27).
  • Antianxiety drugsAntianxiety drugs: In a rat study, N-feruloylserotonins, a constituent of Leuzea carthamoides seeds, reduced anxiety of rats with a high pain threshold but not rats with a low pain threshold, as measured by the planar test and tail flick test (15). Theoretically, N-feruloylserotonins, constituents of Leuzea carthamoides seeds, may further reduce anxiety in combination with other antianxiety drugs.
  • AntibioticsAntibiotics: In an in vitro test, essential oil from roots of Leuzea carthamoides exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis but not Staphylococcusepidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Salmonella enteritidis (5). In vitro, extracts of maral root and maral aerial parts exhibited antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, but not Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6).
  • Anticoagulants and antiplateletsAnticoagulants and antiplatelets: In human research, a 20-day administration of Leveton, a tincture of Leuzea carthamoides containing ecdysten, restored blood coagulation properties to the normal range (9). In an in vitro platelet aggregation assay, an ethanol extract of Leuzea carthamoides reduced collagen-induced and ADP-induced platelet aggregation (26).
  • Antidepressant agents, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)Antidepressant agents, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): In open-label clinical research, administration of decoction of Leuzea carthamoides roots (4 oz., 4-5 times daily for two months) lead to remission of depression in 75% of patients (3) for at least six months.
  • AntifungalsAntifungals: In an in vitro assay, an ethanolic extract of rhizomes and roots of Leuzea carthamoides that contained thiophene polyine (E)-2-[5-(hept-5-en-1,3-diynyl)-thien-2-yl]-ethan-1,2-diol exhibited antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes 445, Trichosporon beigelii 1188, Aspergillusfumigates 231, and Candida tropicalis, with lower activity against three other species of Candida (10). In an in vitro assay, essential oils from Leuzea carthamoides exhibited inhibitory activity against Candida albicans (5).
  • Antineoplastic agentsAntineoplastic agents: In a rat model of carcinogenesis, concurrent oral consumption of root extracts of Leuzea carthamoides displayed anticarcinogenic activity (8). Also, In an open-label clinical trial in ovarian cancer patients, Admax? (a combination product of ethanol/water extracts of dried roots of Leuzea carthamoides, Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and fruits of Schizandra chinensis) for four weeks after chemotherapy induced significantly higher levels of four T cell subsets and antibody concentrations than the control group (19).
  • Antiparasitic agentsAntiparasitic agents: In human research, ecdysten, a constituent of maral root, reduced symptoms in patients with chronic or acute giardiasis (28).
  • Antiulcer agentsAntiulcer agents: In a mouse study, extracts of Leuzea carthamoides exhibited antiulcerative activity (31).
  • Cardiovascular agentsCardiovascular agents: In a rat model, Leuzea carthamoides extract (1mg/kg daily for eight days) reduced heart damage induced by D,L-isoproterenol as well as heart arrhythmia (4). In a rat model, treatment with Leuzea carthamoides extract (150mg/kg daily for 14 days) reduced blood and plasma viscosity, but increased fibrinogen levels and spontaneous aggregation of red blood cells, in spontaneous hypertensive rats (11).
  • Erectile dysfunction agentsErectile dysfunction agents: In a clinical setting, men with disturbed spermatogenesis and infertility problems were administered the maral root constituent ecdysten, and they had improved copulatory function and sperm quality (20).
  • Hormonal agentsHormonal agents: In in vitro assay, a lipophilic Leuzea carthamoides root extract exhibited agonistic estrogen receptor-binding activity (18).
  • ImmunosuppressantsImmunosuppressants: In an open-label clinical trial in ovarian cancer patients, Admax? (a combination product of ethanol/water extracts of dried roots of Leuzea carthamoides (maral root), Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and fruits of Schizandra chinensis) for four weeks after chemotherapy induced significantly higher levels of four T cell subsets and antibody concentrations than the control group (19). The humoral immune response of athletes was restored with a 20-day administration of a tincture of Leuzeacarthamoides (22).
  • Performance-enhancing agentsPerformance-enhancing agents: In human research, constituents in a Leuzea carthamoides extract increased work capacity (27).
  • Weight loss agentsWeight loss agents: In animal research, feeding Japanese quails with 6g of 20-hydroecdysone from Leuzea carthamoides increased their mass in a dose-dependent manner (16). In a rat model, administration of phytoecdisterone and ecdystone (100mg/100g daily for seven days) increased their body weight gain and weight of the liver, heart, kidney, and musculus tibialis anterior (leg muscle) (17). Three weeks of administration of ecdysten from Leuzea carthamoides increased muscle mass and total work (27).

    • Maral root/Herb/Supplement Interactions:

  • AnabolicsAnabolics: In animal research, feeding Japanese quails with 6g of 20-hydroecdysone from Leuzea carthamoides increased their mass in a dose-dependent manner (16). In a rat model, administration of phytoecdisterone and ecdystone (100mg/100g daily for seven days) increased their body weight gain and weight of the liver, heart, kidney, and musculus tibialis anterior (leg muscle) (17). Three weeks of administration of ecdysten from Leuzea carthamoides increased muscle mass and total work (27).
  • AntibacterialsAntibacterials: In an in vitro test, essential oil from roots of Leuzea carthamoides exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis but not Staphylococcusepidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Salmonella enteritidis (5). In vitro, extracts of maral root and maral aerial parts exhibited antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, but not Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6).
  • Anticoagulants and antiplateletsAnticoagulants and antiplatelets: In human research, a 20-day administration of Leveton, a tincture of Leuzea carthamoides containing ecdysten, restored blood coagulation properties to the normal range (9). In an in vitro platelet aggregation assay, an ethanol extract of Leuzea carthamoides reduced collagen-induced and ADP-induced platelet aggregation (26).
  • Antidepressant agents, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)Antidepressant agents, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): In open-label clinical research, administration of decoction of Leuzea carthamoides roots (4 oz., 4-5 times daily for two months) lead to remission of depression in 75% of patients (3) for at least six months.
  • AntifungalsAntifungals: In an in vitro assay, an ethanolic extract of rhizomes and roots of Leuzea carthamoides, which contained thiophene polyine (E)-2-[5-(hept-5-en-1,3-diynyl)-thien-2-yl]-ethan-1,2-diol, exhibited antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes 445, Trichosporon beigelii 1188, Aspergillusfumigates 231, and Candida tropicalis, with lower activity against three other species of Candida (10). In an in vitro assay, essential oils from Leuzea carthamoides exhibited inhibitory activity against Candida albicans (5).
  • AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: In a rat model of carcinogenesis, concurrent oral consumption of root extracts of Leuzea carthamoides displayed anticarcinogenic activity (8). Also, In an open-label clinical trial in ovarian cancer patients, Admax? (a combination product of ethanol/water extracts of dried roots of Leuzea carthamoides, Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and fruits of Schizandra chinensis) for four weeks after chemotherapy induced significantly higher levels of four T cell subsets and antibody concentrations than the control group (19).
  • AntioxidantsAntioxidants: In in vitro assays, Leuzea carthamoides extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity (12; 13; 14).
  • Antiparasitic agentsAntiparasitic agents: In human research, ecdysten, a constituent of maral root, reduced symptoms in patients with chronic or acute giardiasis (28).
  • Antiulcer herbs and supplementsAntiulcer herbs and supplements: In a mouse study, extracts of Leuzea carthamoides exhibited antiulcerative activity (31).
  • AnxiolyticsAnxiolytics: In a rat study, N-feruloylserotonins, a constituent of Leuzea carthamoides seeds, reduced anxiety of rats with a high pain threshold but not rats with a low pain threshold, as measured by the planar test and tail flick test (15). Theoretically, N-feruloylserotonins, constituents of Leuzea carthamoides seeds, may further reduce anxiety in combination with other antianxiety drugs.
  • Cardiovascular herbs and supplementsCardiovascular herbs and supplements: In a rat model, Leuzea carthamoides extract (1mg/kg daily for eight days) reduced heart damage induced by D,L-isoproterenol as well as heart arrhythmia (4). In a rat model, treatment with Leuzea carthamoides extract (150mg/kg daily for 14 days) reduced blood and plasma viscosity, but increased fibrinogen levels and spontaneous aggregation of red blood cells in spontaneous hypertensive rats (11).
  • Erectile dysfunction herb and supplementsErectile dysfunction herb and supplements: In a clinical setting, men with disturbed spermatogenesis and infertility problems were administered the maral root constituent ecdysten, and they had improved copulatory function and sperm quality (20).
  • Hormonal herbs and supplementsHormonal herbs and supplements: In in vitro assay, a lipophilic Leuzea carthamoides root extract exhibited agonistic estrogen receptor-binding activity (18).
  • ImmunosuppressantsImmunosuppressants: In an open-label clinical trial in ovarian cancer patients, Admax? (a combination product of ethanol/water extracts of dried roots of Leuzea carthamoides (maral root), Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and fruits of Schizandra chinensis) for four weeks after chemotherapy had induced significantly higher levels of four T cell subsets and antibody concentrations than the control group (19). The humoral immune response of athletes was restored with a 20-day administration of a tincture of Leuzeacarthamoides (22).
  • Performance-enhancing agentsPerformance-enhancing agents: In human research, constituents in a Leuzea carthamoides extract increased work capacity (27).
  • Weight loss agentsWeight loss agents: In animal research, feeding Japanese quails with 6g of 20-hydroecdysone from Leuzea carthamoides increased their mass in a dose-dependent manner (16). In a rat model, administration of phytoecdisterone and ecdystone (100mg/100g daily for seven days) increased their body weight gain and weight of the liver, heart, kidney, and musculus tibialis anterior (leg muscle) (17). Three weeks of administration of ecdysten from Leuzea carthamoides increased muscle mass and total work (27).

    • Maral root/Food Interactions:

  • Insufficient available evidence.

    • Maral root/Lab Interactions:

  • Coagulation parametersCoagulation parameters: In a clinical study, intense athletic training induced heightened blood coagulation, and a 20-day administration of Leveton, a tincture of Leuzea carthamoides containing ecdysten, restored blood coagulation properties to the normal range (9).
  • Estrogen-binding assayEstrogen-binding assay: In in vitro assay, lipophilic Leuzea carthamoides root extract exhibited agonistic estrogen receptor-binding activity (18).
  • Platelet aggregationPlatelet aggregation: In an in vitro assay, an ethanol extract of Leuzea carthamoides reduced collagen-induced and ADP-induced platelet aggregation (26).
  • Sperm analysisSperm analysis: In a clinical setting, men with disturbed spermatogenesis and infertility problems were administered the maral root constituent ecdysten, and they had improved copulatory function and sperm quality (20).
  • T-lymphocyte countT-lymphocyte count: In human research in ovarian cancer patients, Admax? (a combination product of ethanol/water extracts of dried roots of Leuzea carthamoides, Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and fruits of Schizandra chinensis) increased four T cell subsets (19).
  • WeightWeight: In animal research, feeding Japanese quails with 6g of 20-hydroecdysone from Leuzea carthamoides increased their mass in a dose-dependent manner (16). In a rat model, administration of phytoecdisterone and ecdystone (100mg/100g daily for seven days) increased their body weight gain and weight of the liver, heart, kidney, and musculus tibialis anterior (leg muscle) (17). Three weeks of administration of ecdysten from Leuzea carthamoides increased muscle mass and total work (27).