Sanghuang

Sanghuang/Drug Interactions:

  • Alzheimer's agentsAlzheimer's agents: Based on in vitro research, hispidin isolated from the culture broth of Phellinus linteus may inhibit the enzyme beta-secretase (5), a catalyst in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The effects of sanghuang with Alzheimer's agents are not well understood.
  • Antiangiogenic drugsAntiangiogenic drugs: Sanghuang has been shown to exhibit strong antiangiogenic activity in vitro (34). Theoretically, sanghuang may have additive effects when used with antiangiogenic agents.
  • AntibioticsAntibiotics: Extracts of sanghuang have been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against the methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureusin vitro (4). The effects of antibacterial agents with sanghuang are not well understood.
  • AntihistaminesAntihistamines: Based on animal studies, sanghuang may inhibit anaphylaxis and swelling (2; 3). Sanghuang may also alter immune responses, based on in vitro and in vivo evidence (1). The effects of sanghuang are not well understood.
  • Anti-inflammatory agentsAnti-inflammatory agents: Based on animal research, sanghuang may possess anti-inflammatory properties (8; 3; 24; 6; 25; 5). Theoretically, the use of sanghuang with anti-inflammatory agents may have additive effects.
  • Antilipemic agentsAntilipemic agents: In animal research, polysaccharides derived from sanghuang have been shown to reduce serum triglyceride, blood cholesterol, and serum low-density lipoprotein, and to increase high-density lipoprotein in hyperlipemic mice (9). Theoretically, use of sanghuang with antilipemic agents may have added lipid-lowering effects.
  • Antineoplastic agentsAntineoplastic agents: In human, animal, and in vitro research, cancer regression, inhibited metastasis, reduced tumor growth, and increased survival rates have all been attributed to sanghuang (26; 27; 28; 29; 28; 30). The use of sanghuang with antineoplastic agents may have additive effects.
  • Antiulcer agentsAntiulcer agents: Ethanol-treated rats exposed to sanghuang showed an increased amount of protective gastric mucus and better maintenance of the mucus barrier (12). The effects of sanghuang with antiulcer agents are not well understood.
  • Cytochrome P450-metabolized agentsCytochrome P450-metabolized agents: Sanghuang has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, CYP 1A2, CYP 2B1, and CYP 2E1 in rat liver microsomes, most effectively when the administered sanghuang was grown with mulberry extract (31). Sanghuang may alter the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP450 1A1, CYP 1A2, CYP 2B1, and CYP 2E1.
  • ImmunosuppressantsImmunosuppressants: Based on animal research, sanghuang extract may augment immune response (20; 32; 21; 1; 6; 19). Theoretically, sanghuang may interfere with the effects of immunosuppressants.

    • Sanghuang/Herb/Supplement Interactions:

  • Alzheimer's herbsAlzheimer's herbs: Based on in vitro research, hispidin isolated from the culture broth of Phellinus linteus may inhibit the enzyme beta-secretase (5), a catalyst in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The effects of sanghuang with Alzheimer's agents are not well understood.
  • Antiangiogenic herbsAntiangiogenic herbs: Sanghuang has been shown to exhibit strong antiangiogenic activity in vitro (34). Theoretically, sanghuang may have additive effects when used with antiangiogenic agents.
  • AntibacterialsAntibacterials: Extracts of sanghuang have been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against the methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureusin vitro (4). The effects of antibacterial agents with sanghuang are not well understood.
  • AntihistaminesAntihistamines: Based on animal studies, sanghuang may inhibit anaphylaxis and swelling (2; 3). Sanghuang may also alter immune responses, based on in vitro and in vivo evidence (1). The effects of sanghuang are not well understood.
  • Antiinflammatory herbsAnti-inflammatory herbs: Based on animal research, sanghuang may possess anti-inflammatory properties (8; 3; 24; 6; 25; 5). Theoretically, the use of sanghuang with anti-inflammatory agents may have additive effects.
  • AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In animal research, polysaccharides derived from sanghuang have been shown to reduce serum triglyceride, blood cholesterol, and serum low-density lipoprotein, and to increase high-density lipoprotein in hyperlipemic mice (9). Theoretically, use of sanghuang with antilipemic agents may have added lipid-lowering effects.
  • AntioxidantsAntioxidants: Constituents of sanghuang, including hispidin and its dimers 3,14'-bihispidinyl, hypholomine B, and 1,1-distyrylpyrylethan, have been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity in vitro (35; 36). Treatment of overly iron-rich rat hepatocytes with sanghuang has also been shown to reduce oxidative damage and oxidant cytotoxicity (7).
  • AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: In human, animal, and in vitro research, cancer regression, inhibited metastasis, reduced tumor growth, and increased survival rates have all been attributed to sanghuang (26; 27; 28; 29; 28; 30). The use of sanghuang with antineoplastic agents may have additive effects.
  • Antiulcer agentsAntiulcer agents: Ethanol-treated rats exposed to sanghuang showed an increased amount of protective gastric mucus and better maintenance of the mucus barrier (12). The effects of sanghuang with antiulcer agents are not well understood.
  • Cytochrome P450-metabolized herbs and supplementsCytochrome P450-metabolized herbs and supplements: Sanghuang has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, CYP 1A2, CYP 2B1, and CYP 2E1 in rat liver microsomes, most effectively when the administered sanghuang was grown with mulberry extract (31). Sanghuang may alter the levels of herbs and supplements metabolized by CYP450 1A1, CYP 1A2, CYP 2B1, and CYP 2E1.
  • ImmunosuppressantsImmunosuppressants: Based on animal research, sanghuang extract may augment immune response (20; 32; 21; 1; 6; 19). Theoretically, sanghuang may interfere with the effects of immunosuppressants.
  • MulberryMulberry: In rat liver microsomes, growth on mulberry extract increased the inhibitory effect of sanghuang cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, CYP 1A2, CYP 2B1, and CYP 2E1 (31).

    • Sanghuang/Food Interactions:

  • Insufficient available evidence.

    • Sanghuang/Lab Interactions:

  • Immune panelImmune panel: In an animal study on arthritis, proteoglycan, a polysaccharide extracted from sanghuang, aided immune responses by decreasing the antibodies IgG and IgG2a (8). In animal and in vitro studies, Phellinus linteus that had been germinated on brown rice also decreased production of IgE (1). In animal research, Phellinus linteus administration increased interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma (3; 32). Also in animal research, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma decreased following sanghuang supplementation (8).
  • Lipid profileLipid profile: Polysaccharides derived from sanghuang have been shown to reduce serum triglyceride, blood cholesterol, and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in hyperlipemic mice (9).
  • Liver function testsLiver function tests: In laboratory research, sanghuang helped reduce the level of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) released from injured hepatocytes by maintaining hepatic glutathione level and RNA synthesis (16). Sanghuang has also been shown to protect rats from liver carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage by blocking CCl4-induced CYP2E1 degradation (17), and found to prevent ROS and calcium influx and to reduce SP1 binding, leading to inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced Col 1A2 promotor activity (18). Retinoic acid derived from sanghuang had similar effects.