Vitis quadrangularis
Cissus quadrangularis/Drug Interactions:
5-HT receptor agonists5-HT receptor agonists: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, increased the concentration of plasma 5-HT (1). AnalgesicsAnalgesics: In animal research, Cissus quadrangularis demonstrated both central and peripheral analgesic activity (2; 3; 4). AntibioticsAntibiotics: In laboratory research, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of both fresh and dry stems of Cissus quadrangularis displayed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus species (5). AnticonvulsantsAnticonvulsants: In animal research, aqueous Cissus quadrangularis extract protected against maximal electroshock- and hydrazide acid-induced seizures, which is suggestive anticonvulsant activity (4). Antidepressants: SSRIsAntidepressants: SSRIs: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, increased the concentration of plasma 5-HT (1). Theoretically, concurrent use may lead to elevated serotonin levels and increased risk of serotonin syndrome. AntidiabeticsAntidiabetics: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced fasting blood glucose (16). In animal research, Cissus quadrangularis improved insulin sensitivity (13). AntifungalsAntifungals: In laboratory research, the alcohol extract of Cissus quadrangularis inhibited Aspergillus niger (6).Anti-inflammatory agentsAnti-inflammatory agents: In animal and laboratory research, Cissus quadrangularis and its constituents such as ascorbic acid have been found to exert anti-inflammatory effects as evidenced by inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid metabolism (2) and nitric oxide production in various experimental models (9; 10; 7). AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triacylglycerol, and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (1; 16). Antimalarial agentsAntimalarial agents: In laboratory research, extracts of Cissus quadrangularis inhibited Plasmodium falciparum (23). AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: In human liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2), the methanol extract from the root of Cissus quadrangularis demonstrated antiproliferative activity (15). Antiobesity agentsAntiobesity agents: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced body weight, body fat, and waist circumference (1; 16). AntispasmodicsAntispasmodics: Using the rotarod test (a method to assess motor coordination and balance) in rats, aqueous Cissus quadrangularis extract relaxed smooth muscle, suggesting antispasmodic activity (4). CholinergicsCholinergics: Early research documented acetylcholine-like activity of the total extract of Cissus quadrangularis (36), which suggests it may act on a variety of functions and tissues. CNS depressantsCNS depressants: According to secondary sources, Cissus quadrangularis may enhance the activity of sedative agents.Drugs used for osteoporosisDrugs used for osteoporosis: In animal research, Cissus quadrangularis has been shown to stimulate bone growth (37); promote osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization (38; 39; 40; 41); increase bone thickness (42); and decrease osteoclast activity (42; 43). The antiosteoporotic activity of Cissus quadrangularis is purportedly comparable to that of raloxifene, a known antiosteoporotic agent (42; 43). Gastrointestinal agentsGastrointestinal agents: In human research evaluating the effects of oral Cissus quadrangularis, flatulence (31; 16), diarrhea (31), and gastritis (32) were reported. HepatotoxinsHepatotoxins: The methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis decreased elevated levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin in isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats (12). ImmunostimulantsImmunostimulants: In animal research, ascorbic acid isolated from Cissus quadrangularis exerted immune-stimulating effects (9; 10). ImmunosuppressantsImmunosuppressants: In animal research, ascorbic acid isolated from Cissus quadrangularis exerted immune-stimulating effects (9; 10). Neurologic agentsNeurologic agents: In human research evaluating the effects of oral Cissus quadrangularis, headache (31; 16) and insomnia (31; 16) were reported. SedativesSedatives: According to secondary sources, Cissus quadrangularis may enhance the activity of sedative agents.Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIS)Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIS): In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, increased the concentration of plasma 5-HT (1). Weight loss agentsWeight loss agents: In human research, Cissus quadrangularis alone or in combination with other dietary supplements, was found to decrease body weight, body fat, and waist circumference (44; 45; 31; 1; 16). Furthermore, it improved features of metabolic syndrome, including plasma lipids and glycemic control in obese and overweight patients. Cissus quadrangularis/Herb/Supplement Interactions:
5-HT receptor agonists5-HT receptor agonists: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, increased the concentration of plasma 5-HT (1). AnalgesicsAnalgesics: In animal research, Cissus quadrangularis demonstrated both central and peripheral analgesic activity (2; 3; 4). AntibioticsAntibiotics: In laboratory research, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of both fresh and dry stems of Cissus quadrangularis displayed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus species (5). AnticonvulsantsAnticonvulsants: In animal research, aqueous Cissus quadrangularis extract protected against maximal electroshock- and hydrazide acid-induced seizures, which is suggestive anticonvulsant activity (4). Antidepressants: SSRIsAntidepressants: SSRIs: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, increased the concentration of plasma 5-HT (1). AntidiabeticsAntidiabetics: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced fasting blood glucose (16). In animal research, Cissus quadrangularis improved insulin sensitivity (13). AntifungalsAntifungals: In laboratory research, the alcohol extract of Cissus quadrangularis inhibited Aspergillus niger (6).Anti-inflammatoriesAnti-inflammatories: In animal and laboratory research, Cissus quadrangularis and its constituents such as ascorbic acid have been found to exert anti-inflammatory effects, as evidenced by inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid metabolism (2) and nitric oxide production in various experimental models (9; 10; 7). AntilipemicsAntilipemics: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerol, and increased HDL cholesterol (1; 16). AntimalarialsAntimalarials: In laboratory research, extracts of Cissus quadrangularis inhibited Plasmodium falciparum (23). Antineoplastics.Antineoplastics: In HepG2 cells, the methanol extract from the root of Cissus quadrangularis demonstrated antiproliferative activity (15). Antiobesity agentsAntiobesity agents: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced body weight, body fat, and waist circumference (1; 16). AntioxidantsAntioxidants: In animal and laboratory research, Cissus quadrangularis demonstrated antioxidant effects, which may be the underlying mechanism for its hepatoprotective and gastroprotective effects (9; 11; 1; 12; 13; 5). Various extracts and fractions of Cissus quadrangularis increased antioxidant enzyme activity, inhibited lipid peroxidation, and scavenged free radicals (9; 11; 1; 12; 13; 5). AntispasmodicsAntispasmodics: Using the rotarod test (a method to assess motor coordination and balance) in rats, aqueous Cissus quadrangularis extract relaxed smooth muscle, suggesting antispasmodic activity (4). CholinergicsCholinergics: Early research documented acetylcholine-like activity of the total extract of Cissus quadrangularis (36), which suggests it may act on a variety of functions and tissues. Gastrointestinal agentsGastrointestinal agents: In human research evaluating the effects of oral Cissus quadrangularis, flatulence (31; 16), diarrhea (31), and gastritis (32) were reported. HepatotoxinsHepatotoxins: The methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis decreased elevated levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin in isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats (12). ImmunostimulantsImmunostimulants: In animal research, ascorbic acid isolated from Cissus quadrangularis exerted immune-stimulating effects (9; 10). ImmunosuppressantsImmunosuppressants: In animal research, ascorbic acid isolated from Cissus quadrangularis exerted immune-stimulating effects (9; 10). Irvingia gabonensisIrvingia gabonensis: In human research, concurrent use of Cissus quadrangularis and Irvingia gabonensis was found to have a synergistic effect on weight reduction, as well as lipid and glucose lowering (16). Neurologic agentsNeurologic agents: In human research evaluating the effects of oral Cissus quadrangularis, headache (31; 16) and insomnia (31; 16) were reported. Osteoporosis agentsOsteoporosis agents: In animal research, Cissus quadrangularis stimulated bone growth (37); promoted osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization (38; 39; 40; 41); increased bone thickness (42); and decreased osteoclast activity (42; 43). The antiosteoporotic activity of Cissus quadrangularis is purportedly comparable to that of raloxifene, a known antiosteoporotic agent (42; 43). SedativesSedatives: According to secondary sources, Cissus quadrangularis may enhance the activity of sedative agents.Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIS)Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIS): In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, increased the concentration of plasma 5-HT (1). Weight loss agentsWeight loss agents: In human research, Cissus quadrangularis alone or in combination with other dietary supplements, decreased body weight, body fat, and waist circumference (44; 45; 31; 1; 16). Furthermore, it improved features of metabolic syndrome, including plasma lipids and glycemic control in obese and overweight patients. Cissus quadrangularis/Food Interactions:
Insufficient available evidence.Cissus quadrangularis/Lab Interactions:
5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP): In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, increased the concentration of plasma 5-HT (1). Body fatBody fat: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced body fat (1; 16). Body weightBody weight: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced body weight (1; 16). Carbonyl proteinsCarbonyl proteins: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis containing 2.5% ketosteroids and 15% soluble plant fiber, protected against oxidative damage to proteins, as evidenced by increased carbonyl proteins (1). CreatinineCreatinine: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, increased the concentration of plasma creatinine (1). GlucoseGlucose: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced fasting blood glucose (16). GlutathioneGlutathione: In isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, the methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis increased levels of glutathione (12). Immune panelImmune panel: In animal research, ascorbic acid isolated from Cissus quadrangularis protected against aspirin-induced gastric toxicity, as evidenced by increases in inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]) and growth factors (vascular endothelial cell growth factor [VEGF]) (9; 10). Lipid profileLipid profile: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerol, and increased HDL cholesterol (1; 16). Liver function testsLiver function tests: The methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis decreased elevated levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin in isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats (12). Malondialdehyde (MDA): In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced plasma concentrations of MDA and slightly increased urinary MDA concentrations (1). In isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, the methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis increased levels of MDA (12). Superoxide dismutase(SOD)Superoxide dismutase(SOD): In isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, the methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis increased levels of superoxide dismutase (12). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS): In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis containing 2.5% ketosteroids and 15% soluble plant fiber, protected against oxidative damage to lipids, as evidenced by increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (1). Waist circumferenceWaist circumference: In human research, CQR-300, a standardized extract of Cissus quadrangularis, reduced waist circumference (1; 16).