Pinus maritima

French maritime pine bark extract/Nutrient Depletion:

  • GlucoseGlucose: In clinical (28; 30) and animal research (29), French maritime pine bark extract lowered plasma glucose levels.
  • LipidsLipids: In clinical research, French maritime pine bark extract decreased serum cholesterol and LDL (58; 26), whereas HDL remained unaffected following supplementation (58; 88) or increased following supplementation (26). French maritime pine bark extract has also been shown to improve LDL:HDL ratios in perimenopausal women (37). However, human trials also report a lack of effect on serum lipid profiles (43).