Tobacco

Tobacco/Nutrient Depletion:

  • AntioxidantsAntioxidants: It has been demonstrated that smokers have lower-than-normal circulating levels of some antioxidants (75).
  • CarotenoidsCarotenoids: Low levels of carotenoids (e.g., beta-carotene, lycopene) were observed in the blood plasma of human smokers (210).
  • Fatty acidsFatty acids: According to a review, tobacco influences tissue essential fatty acid levels (91).
  • Vitamin AVitamin A: Tobacco use causes a deficiency in vitamin A; supplementation of vitamin A appeared to be effective in reducing cancer incidence in human tobacco users (211; 212).